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2015 Vol. 3, No. 2
Published: 2015-06-30
Review
Article
Forum
Case study
Forum
59
The development of children morality and its influencing factors
LI Dan，LIU Xiaoshi
The empirical researches on morality including moral cognition
，
moral emotion and moral behavior in the past decade are introduced in this paper. The characteristics of moral development in childhood and the internal and external influencing factors on moral development are analyzed. Besides
，
it is put forward through literature analysis that more emphasis in future researches should be laid on cognitive neural mechanism of moral development
，
development of moral emotion and moral self
，
and longitudinal follow-up study.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 59- [
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65
Health and education partnership shapes the best start in life
BAO Xiulan，SUN Jintao，LIU Weimin
The age of 0 to 3 years is the children’s critical period of physical，psychological and social adaptation ability development. This article describes a scientific basis coming from the research on the aspects of brain science and psychology. The medical research collaboration with national series for nearly 30 years has demonstrated that the early education can improve infants’developmental quotient and ability to adapt to society，and lay the foundation for the comprehensive development in the future. For premature infants and high-risk infants，the early intervention can prevent or reduce the mental retardation，and cerebral palsy disability，and improve the population quality in China. Meanwhile，some suggestions on the related education，health care reform and policy are put forward to ensure that health and education partnership shapes the best start in life.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 65- [
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Article
71
Effect of early intervention on mental and motor development in late preterm infants
WANG Tingxue，LI Bei，XU Bing
Objective
To investigate the effect of early intervention on mental and motor development in late preterm infants
（LPIs）.
Methods
Two hundred and seven LPIs were divided into LPIs intervention group
（122 cases）and LPIs control group（85 cases）based on the time of follow-up and voluntariness of parents，and another 54 full-term infants（FTIs）were served as FTIs group. Follow-up was carried out in three groups，and early intervention was conducted in LPIs intervention group. Assessments were performed in three groups at corrected ages of（3 ± 0.7），（6 ± 0.7）and（12 ± 0.7）months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development，Second Edition，and mental development index（MDI）and psychomotor development index（PDI）were calculated. Questionnaire survey on compliance was done among mothers in LPIs intervention group，and the results were analyzed.
Results
A complete follow-up was done in 83 cases in LPIs intervention group
，42 cases in LPIs control group and 43 cases in FTIs group. The PDI and MDI values gradually increased with ages in LPIs intervention group. There was no significant difference in PDI and MDI values between LPIs intervention group and LPIs control group at the age of 3 months（P > 0.05），while the PDI and MDI values in LPIs intervention group were significantly higher than those in LPIs control group at the age of 6 and 12 months（P < 0.05）. The PDI and MDI values in LPIs intervention group and LPIs control group were significantly lower than those in FTIs group at the age of 3，6 and 12 months（P < 0.05）. Questionnaire survey on compliance in LPIs intervention group indicated that the role of doctors in relieving the anxiety of parents helped the parents to complete the routine follow-up.
Conclusion
The cognitive and motor development of LPIs lags behind FTIs. Early intervention may improve the cognitive and motor development of LPIs. The early intervention program for LPIs remains to be perfected.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 71- [
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76
Influence of biofeedback training on English learning and brain wave changes of prefrontal cortex in Chinese native speakers
CHEN Youping，ZHANG Fuhong，XIN Yong，XIONG Qian
Objective
To investigate the features of brain waves of college students with different English achievements
，and explore the effect of biofeedback training on English learning.
Methods
Twenty-four Chinese native speakers were enrolled from a college
，and were divided into high English score group and low English score group according to the results of the latest English tests，with 12 students in each group. The biofeedback training which lasted for about 50 min each time was conducted among these students once a week for 5 weeks. Spirit-8A biofeedback instrument was utilized to explore the features of brain waves，and statistical analysis was carried out with non-parametric tests.
Results
① There was no significant difference in brain waves between two groups before training（Z = 0.508 - 0.744，P > 0.05）. The relationship between the left and right brain waves was significant in high English score group（r = 0.587 - 0.832，P < 0.05），while the relationship between the left and right brain waves was not significant in low English score group（r = 0.071 - 0.273，P > 0.05）except the Beta wave（r = 0.718，P = 0.013）. ② There was no significant difference in brain waves between two groups after training（Z = 0.508 - 1.089，P > 0.05）. The relationship between the left and right brain waves was significant in high English score group（r = 0.629 - 0.895，P < 0.05），and the relationship between the left and right brain waves was also significant in low English score group（r = 0.927 - 0.964，P < 0.05）. ③ The differences in English test scores before and after training were as follows：for high English score group，Z = -1.381（P > 0.05）；and for low English score group，Z = -3.066（P < 0.05）.
Conclusion
The biofeedback training can effectively improve the English achievement and the relationship between left and right brain waves for the students with lower English learning performance
，but the same effect can not be achieved in the students with higher English learning performance.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 76- [
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Review
80
Relationship between early life exposure to indoor environment and childhood asthma
ZHU Huiyao，LI Meng，PAN Rui
Asthma，caused by complicated pathogens，is one of the most common chronic diseases，and is polygenic inheritance. It is a kind of airway chronic inflammatory disease，and a variety of cells and cellular components are involved. It has been suggested that exposure of early life to certain indoor environments，such as indoor oil，humidity，and house mites is correlated with asthma in childhood and even in adulthood. The review analyzes and discusses the impact of early life exposure to indoor environment on children asthma. Besides，the corresponding intervention measures are put forward to provide some references for the prevention and control of asthma.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 80- [
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87
Research progress of facial expression recognition in children
WANG Daoyang， YIN Xin
Recognition of facial expressions is an important psychological and social skills，and facial expression recognition disorder has a significant impact on children’s interpersonal and social interaction，especially for those with autism spectrum disorder. This paper discusses the research history，development process，influential factors，future development direction and research limitation of facial expression recognition，and describes the enlightenment to education. Besides，the facial expression recognition of children with autism spectrum disorder is also introduced.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 87- [
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92
Neurophysiological mechanism of source memory
LI Shufang，JIANG Qi
Source memory has important functions in ours lives. Functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）studies have found that hippocampus plays an important role in encoding and retrieval phase of source memory，prefrontal cortex in retrieval monitoring of source memory，and parietal cortex in successful retrieval phase of source memory. And event-related potential（ERP）studies have recently discovered a novel effect called“late posterior negativity”（LPN），which is related to source retrieval. In future，various technologies，especially real-time fMRI，should be integrated to separate specific brain regions in different stages of source memory.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 92- [
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Behavioral and drug treatments of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children
LU Tengfei，SHUAI Lan，ZHANG Jinsong
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood，which is characterized by hyperactivity，impulsiveness and inattention as core symptoms. In preschoolers，the main manifestation of ADHD is hyperactivity. ADHD can affect virtually each area of a child’s life，so it is important to interfere in early childhood. Behavioral treatment is the main treatment for preschoolers with ADHD. This paper reviews the research progress of behavioral and drug treatments of ADHD in preschool children.
2015 Vol. 3 (2): 97- [
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Case study
102
Analysis of developmental and behavioral characteristics of one case of XYY syndrome and one case of XXYY syndrome
DU Xiaojuan，JIN Xingming，YANG You
In this paper，two cases of sex chromosome aneuploidy are reported and their clinical manifestations are compared. In order to improve the children’s adaptation to the basic requirements of the school and individual life，early intervention is needed according to the behavioral problems，language development and social cognitive levels.
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