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2021 Vol. 9, No. 1 Published: 2021-01-30 Review Article Forum        Forum 1 Advances in social robot-assisted intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder LIU Jiehan, LI Su DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.001 Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have distinct social disabilities. Social assistive robotics (SAR) has obtained effective outcomes in social intervention for ASD children due to its nature preponderance. In order to enlighten the improvement of ASD children's social skills, the present paper reviews the robots' roles, the intervention designs, and the limitations in previous intervention studies. Also, the direction of future intervention research is discussed. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 1- [Abstract] ( 2215 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (937 KB)  ( 1658 )        Article 6 Influence of self-identity on mobile phone addiction: mediating effect of negative coping style QIU Zhiyan, MAO Huili, WU Wei, YUAN Mengqi, ZHANG Bin, SHI Zifu DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.002 Objective　To explore the influence mechanism of self－identity on college students' mobile－phone addiction. Methods　A total of 190 college students were randomly selected, and the Chinese version of self－identity scale, simple coping style questionnaire, and mobile phone dependence index scale were used to investigate whether coping style played an intermediary role in the influence of self－identity on mobile－phone addiction. Results　Self－identity was positively correlated with positive coping style (P<0.01), and  negatively correlated with mobile－phone addiction and negative coping style (P<0.01); negative coping style was significantly positively correlated with mobile－phone addiction (P<0.01). Self－identity was addictive to mobile－phone. In the impact, the negative coping style played a part in mediating. Conclusion　Negative coping style plays a part in mediating between self－identity and mobile－phone addiction. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 6- [Abstract] ( 2095 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (741 KB)  ( 1496 ) 11 Association of sleep problems and rumination thinking in adolescents MAO Huili, PENG Yu, XIONG Sicheng,YUAN Mengqi, LUO Xinsen, HU Rongting, ZHANG Bin DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.003 Objective　To explore the correlation relationship and the likely causal direction between sleep problems and ruminant thinking in adolescents during 3 months. Methods　A longitudinal follow－up survey of 435 adolescents was conducted with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and ruminative responses scale (RRS) at intervals of 3 months. Results　Correlation analysis results indicated that sleep problems were significantly positively related with rumination thinking at Time 1 and Time 2. Structural equation modeling analyses generally favored the cross－lagged effects model. Specifically, sleep problems at Time 1 significantly predicted the increase in rumination thinking at Time 2 (r＝0.15, P<0.01), but rumination thinking at Time 1 was not a predictor of sleep problems at Time 2 (r＝0.02, P>0.05). Gender difference did not lie in the cross－lagged effects model of sleep quality and ruminant thinking of adolescents. Conclusion　Sleep problems of adolescents are closely related to ruminant thinking, and sleep problems can negatively predict ruminant thinking. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 11- [Abstract] ( 2159 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (913 KB)  ( 1777 ) 16 Relationship between television exposure and frequent nocturnal enuresis of children ZHENG Xiangyu, JIN Xingming, MA Jun DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.004 Objective　To investigate the relationship between television exposure and frequent nocturnal enuresis, and to provide theoretical basis for early prevention and intervention of the disease. Methods　A cross－sectional survey of children aged 5 to 12 years from the Shanghai Public Health System Construction Project in June 2014 was taken, and relevant data were organized and analyzed. A completely randomized stratified sampling method was used to select three urban and three suburban areas as survey sites in Shanghai, and a total of 85 860 questionnaires were distributed. Results　A total of 62 290 children aged 5 to 12 years were included in the study, with frequent nocturnal enuresis accounting for 0.5% of the children. Besides, 59.7% and 8.8% of the children were exposed to television for <1 h and >2 h daily on weekdays, respectively. There was a decrease tendency for the television exposure time as the children got older (β＝－0.157, P<0.01). The prevalence of frequent nocturnal enuresis was 1.325 times (OR＝1.325, 95% CI: 1.023－1.717, P＝0.033) and 1.667 times (OR＝1.667, 95% CI: 1.149－2.418, P＝0.007) in children with daily television exposure of 1 to 2 h and >2 h during the workday as large as that in children with daily television exposure of <1 h, respectively. Conclusion　Television exposure may be a risk factor for the occurrence of frequent nocturnal enuresis, and reducing television exposure may be beneficial for early prevention and intervention of nocturnal enuresis. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 16- [Abstract] ( 2103 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (756 KB)  ( 1403 ) 22 Study on articulation in children with acyanotic congential heart disease ZHAO Fengyun, ZHOU Xuan,LIANG Juping, WANG Shanshan, DENG Weiwei, SHEN Jie, DU Qing DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.005 Objective　To analyze the characteristics of articulation in the children with acyanotic congential heart disease (CHD). Methods　The articulation was examined in 62 children with acyanotic CHD and 62 healthy children by using Chinese pronunciation test. The articulation scores were analyzed. The articulation scores of different genders, ages, and types of CHDS were further analyzed. Results　The articulation scores of CHD children were significantly lower than those of healthy children (P<0.05). The articulation scores of boys in CHD, aged 2－3 and 4－5 in CHD were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In CHD group, there were no significant differences in articulation scores among different types of CHDs. Conclusion　Acyanotic CHD children may have unclear articulation. Attention should be paid to the problems of articulation in the children with CHD for early detection and intervention. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 22- [Abstract] ( 2064 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (719 KB)  ( 1330 ) 26 Study on intervention effect of 12 weeks of combined medical and physical training on preschool children with autism spectrum disorder WEI Rongmei, ZHAO Shuo, ZHUANG Yan, SUN Linlin, CHEN Aiguo DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.006 Objective　By comparing the effects of interventions and treatments of combined medical and physical training and conventional training on preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to provide new ideas and practical basis for comprehensive intervention of preschool ASD children. Methods　From September 2018 to June 2019, 69 preschool ASD children who were treated and trained in the Children's Rehabilitation Department of Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital were randomly divided into normal control group (normal couple, NC group) and combined medical and physical training group (medical and physical couple, MPC group). In 12 weeks of intervention training, the NC group received routine training, and the MPC group received routine training and physical training with children's basketball as the carrier. Before and after treatment, ASD children of two groups were assessed comprehensively by using the psychoeducational profile, third  edition (PEP－3). The functional improvements of the two groups were compared. Results　After 12 weeks of intervention, the children in both groups were more effective in improving the core symptoms of autism, reducing problem behaviors and other behavioral characteristics. Compared with the NC group, the MPC group was significantly effective (P<0.01). Conclusion　Medical－physical integration intervention can effectively improve the core symptoms and reduce problem behaviors of preschool ASD children, and promote the overall development level of ASD children. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 26- [Abstract] ( 2133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (755 KB)  ( 1590 ) 32 Relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children CHEN Ziling, LI Shenghui, ZHENG Xiangyu, SHEN Jiayao, MA Jun DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.007 Objective　To explore the relationship between attention－deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children with ADHD, and to provide a basis for clinical education. Methods　The data were collected from questionnaires of individual and family social environment of school－aged children in the national sleep status survey project of school－aged children. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 9 cities throughout China as survey sites. A total of 23 791 questionnaires were distributed and 22 018 valid questionnaires (92.5%) were collected. A univariate Logistic regression model was built to analyze the factors that may be related to recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Controlling the possible confounders, a multivariate Logistic regression analysis was implemented. Results　The average age of the 22 018 children included in the study was (9.2±1.8) years. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ADHD, age, recent confrontation with major events, full－time occupation of parents, father's education level between primary and junior high school, non－nuclear family, parents' marriage without harmonization, and climate environment may be related to the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ADHD (OR: 1.769; 95% CI：1.513～2.068; P<0.01), parents' marriage without harmonization (OR: 1.612; 95% CI: 1.430～1.819; P<0.01), a recent confrontation with major events (OR: 1.421; 95% CI: 1.277～1.581; P<0.01), and climate environment were the risk factors of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Conclusion　There is a strong correlation between ADHD and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children. Educational guidance for patients with ADHD should include strengthening immunity to reduce the occurrence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 32- [Abstract] ( 2152 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (775 KB)  ( 1406 ) 39 Correlation between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and health risk factors in college students CHEN Degang, TENG Zhihong, DAI Weidi, CHAO Yutong, HU Na, ZHANG Gong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.008 Objective　To investigate the incidence of attention－deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in college students, and to analyze the relationship between ADHD and anxiety, depression, suicide, Internet addiction, and impulsive shopping behaviors. Methods　A total of 1 322 college students from two colleges in a certain area were selected. The adult ADHD self－report scale (ASRS), self－rating anxiety scale (SAS), center for epidemiological survey, depression scale (CES－D), suicide risk assessment, Internet addiction test (IAT), and Chinese consumer impulsive buying tendency scale (IBTS) were used to investigate various problem behaviors of the subjects. Results　About 8.1% of 1 281 college students enrolled were screened for ADHD symptoms. The college students with ADHD symptoms reported higher anxiety, depression, suicide  risk, Internet addiction, and impulse shopping behaviors than those without ADHD symptoms (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling gender and age factors, college students’ ADHD was associated with anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior (P<0.001). After controlling  age factors, college students’ ADHD was associated with Internet addiction behavior and impulsive shopping behavior. Gender was positively related to Internet addiction behavior and impulse shopping behavior (P<0.001). Conclusion　There are significant correlations among ADHD symptoms and anxiety, depression, suicide, Internet addiction, and impulsive shopping behaviors among college students. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 39- [Abstract] ( 2235 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (790 KB)  ( 1453 ) 44 Research on temperament characteristics of children with global developmental delay ZHAO Weiyan, ZHANG Qiyue, WANG Chengxin, MIAO Chunyue, SHAN Ling, JIA Feiyong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.009 Objective　To analyze the temperament characteristics of children with global developmental delay (GDD), so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation and revision of educational intervention programs. Methods Children's development quotient(DQ) was evaluated through Gesell's intelligence test. GDD and normal development children were screened out. The temperament of 117 GDD children (GDD group) and 54 normal development children(control group) was tested and statistically analyzed with the toddler temperament scale (TTS) for children aged 1－3 and the behavioral style questionnaire (BSQ) for children aged 3－7. Results　The distribution of temperament types in the GDD group was statistically significant compared with that of the control group(P＝0.049). There was no significant difference in the distribution of temperament types between the GDD group and the control group(P＞0.05). The adaptation, mood, persistence and distractibility of children in the GDD group were significantly different from those in the control group(P＜0.05).The intelligence DQ of the GDD group was correlated in different levels with rhythm, adaptation, response intensity, persistence, distractibility and response threshold, among which the fine motor and the adaptation DQ were positively correlated with the response intensity (P＜0.05). The gross motor DQ was positively correlated with the response threshold (P＜0.05). The language and the personal－social DQ were positively correlated with adaptation and distractibility (P＜0.05). Conclusion　Compared with the children in the control group, the GDD group children's adaptation is lower, their mood is negative, their persistence is poor and their attention is not easier to be distracted, a certain correlation exists between temperament dimension and intelligence DQ of children in the GDD group. The temperament characteristics of GDD children should be considered to carry out individual intervention in the process of implementing educational intervention, so as to promote the intellectual improvement of the GDD children. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 44- [Abstract] ( 2155 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (792 KB)  ( 1616 ) 49 Application value of lactation diary based on planned behavior theory in improving breastfeeding rate of primipara HOU Yanwen, CHEN Yan, SU Li, YUAN Xiaowen,XU Yun,YAN Junting DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.010 Objective　To discuss the application value of lactation diary based on the planned behavior theory in improving the breastfeeding rate of primipara. Methods　A total of 601 primiparas from January to June 2018 were selected in our hospital. They were divided into group A (N＝302) and group B (N＝299). The group A was given routine nursing, and the group B was given lactation diary based on the planned behavior theory on the basis.The feeding knowledge and skills, self－efficacy (general self－efficacy scale, GSES), breastfeeding and breast complications were compared between the two groups. Results　The mastery rate of feeding knowledge and skills in the group B was significantly higher than that in group A, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The GSES scores in the group A and group B 1 and 3 d after nursing  were significantly higher than those  before nursing, the GSES scores in the group B 1 and 3 d after nursing  were significantly higher than those in the group A, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The feeding time, times, connection and pure breastfeeding rate in the group B were significantly better than those in the group A, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of breast complications in the group B were significantly lower than that in the group A, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion　Lactation diary based on the planned behavior theory can effectively improve the feeding knowledge and skills, and self－efficacy of primipara. It is helpful to improve the compliance of breastfeeding, and  reduce the complications of breast. Lactation diary based and the planned behavior theory is  worth  further clinical promotion. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 49- [Abstract] ( 2046 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (751 KB)  ( 1465 ) 54 Efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon α1b aerosol inhalation for children with repeated wheezing ZHANG Hua, WANG Dingcheng DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.011 Objective　To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon α1b aerosol inhalation for children with repeated wheezing. Methods　A prospective control study was conducted，154 cases of children with recurrent wheezing admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Tianmen  were selected from January 2017 to January 2020. All cases were randomly divided into two groups, each for 77 cases. Patients in the control group were given conventional basic treatment, and patients in the research group were given atomized inhalation of recombinant human interferon α1b on the basis of the control group. Results　Compared with the control group, the total effective rate of the research group was significantly higher; the disappearance time of wheezing, wheezing rales, cough and hospital stay in the research group was significantly shorter(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in respiratory resistance (Rrs), time of inhale/time of exhale (Ti/Te), and volume tidal (VT) between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, Rrs in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, while Ti/Te and VT were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). Rrs, Ti/Te, and VT levels in the research group after treatment were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in adverse drug reactions rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion　The aerosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α1b   can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and pulmonary function in repeated wheezing children, with higher drug safety, and is worthy of being popularized clinically. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 54- [Abstract] ( 2114 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (893 KB)  ( 1312 )        Review 59 Flow experience in educational context WANG Shu,YIN Yue, WANG Ting, LUO Junlong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.012 Instructional design based on educational games is the most common way to trigger flow. It determines the definition, measurement method, and relationship with performance of educational game flow, but its triggering method has certain drawbacks. Instructional design based on cognitive load organization allows individuals to focus on learning content, and may also trigger flow experience. Future research should use instructional design based on cognitive load organization to deeply explore the relationship between flow and performance. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 59- [Abstract] ( 2147 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (853 KB)  ( 1971 ) 65 Research progress on influence of maternal prenatal stress on neuropsychological development of offspring WANG Shuanghui, ZHU Lin, CHEN Li DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095－4301.2021.01.013 Objective　Prenatal stress refers to the whole body nonspecific adaptive response that the mother is stimulated by stress life events or environment during pregnancy. In recent years, with the increase of related research, it has been gradually recognized that prenatal stress exposure of mothers has an important impact on the neuropsychological development of offspring, such as cognitive function, behavioral development and emotion of offspring. The influence of prenatal stress on the neuropsychological development of offspring and its possible mechanism are reviewed, in order to provide reference for the further study of prenatal stress on the neuropsychological development of offspring and related clinical work. 2021 Vol. 9 (1): 65- [Abstract] ( 2057 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (749 KB)  ( 1455 )

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