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2024 Vol. 12, No. 5 Published: 2024-09-30 Review Article        Article 337 Research progress and trend in early childhood sex education: a visual contrast study based on CiteSpace ZHOU Luyue, MA Xiaoqing, WANG Yong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.001 Objective To analyze the current situation and developmental trend of childhood sex education research at home and abroad based on CiteSpace. Methods With literature on early childhood sex education from CNKI and Web of Science databases between 2001 and 2023 as research samples, the CiteSpace visual software was used to analyze the publication volume and author cooperation, perform co-occurrence and time zone highlighting of keywords, and draw a knowledge graph. Results A total of 129 Chinese literature and 141 English literature were selected through screening. The overall publication volume of research on early childhood sex education was on the rise. The cross-regional or international cooperation between foreign research institutions was relatively close, while domestic research institutions mostly cooperated within the same region. Research hotspots focused on dimensions such as“connotation and value”“current situation and problems”“content and strategy”“risk and channel”, with different emphases. Domestic research hotspot developmentcontext was divided into three stages: preliminary exploration period（2001-2008）, widespread attention period（2009-2014）, and comprehensive in-depth period（2015-2023）. The developmental trend of foreign research hotspots wasmanifested as the development stage of sex education（2001-2008）, the maturity stage of sex education（2009-2017）,and the comprehensive sex education stage（2018-2023）. Conclusion By tracking and comparing domestic and foreign research hotspots, some urgent problems have been identified in domestic research of early childhood sex education: the lack of systematic guidance or guidelines for early childhood sex education, incomplete research methods to support childhood sex education, lack of professional knowledge and skills in relevant education, and low popularity of early childhood sex education, especially in rural areas. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 337- [Abstract] ( 476 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5172 KB)  ( 689 ) 347 Interpersonal adaptation and smartphone addiction among university students: a mediating role of attentional control MAO Huili, DUAN Silan, XU Yuanchao, TAN Minjie DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.002 Objective To investigate the relationship between interpersonal adaptation and smartphone addiction among university students, and explore the mediating role of attention control between the two. Methods An online survey was conducted on students from a university in Hunan Province by using the interpersonal relationship adaptation subscale of Chinese college student adjustment scale, attention control scale, and simplified smartphone addiction scale. Finally, 840 valid questionnaires were obtained. Correlation analysis and mediation effect test were performed by using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.3 softwares. Results Interpersonal relationship adaptation was significantly negatively correlated with smartphone addiction and significantly positively correlated with attention control. Attention control was significantly negatively correlated with smartphone addiction. After incorporating attention control, the direct predictiveeffect of interpersonal relationship adaptation on smartphone addiction was not significant（β=-0.05, t=-0.96, P>0.05）. Interpersonal relationship adaptation significantly positively predicted attention control（β=0.22, t=5.64, P<0.001）. Attention control significantly negatively predicted smartphone addiction（β=-0.51, t=-12 .60，P<0.001）. In the path of interpersonal adaptation → attention control → smartphone addiction, the 95 % CI of the indirect effect value of attention control was -0.17 to -0.06 , which indicated a significant mediating effect. Conclusion Attention control plays a fully mediating role between interpersonal adaptation and smartphone addiction, indicating that improving individuals’ attention control ability is an important way to intervene smartphone addiction. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 347- [Abstract] ( 425 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (736 KB)  ( 576 ) 353 Relationship between smartphone dependence and negative emotions in university students: chain mediating roles of perceived social support and life satisfaction LUO Xinsen, DENG Yin, ZHOU Hong, ZHAO Qiuxia, MAO Huili DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.003 Objective To explore the relations among university students’ smartphone dependence, perceived social support, life satisfaction, and negative emotions. Methods A survey was conducted on students from a university in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, by using short version of smartphone addiction scale, perceived social support scale, life satisfaction scale, and depression anxiety stress scale. A total of 1 300 questionnaires were distributed and 1 228 valid questionnaires were collected. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results Smartphone dependence in university students was significantly positively correlated with negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress, but significantly negatively correlated with perceived social support and life satisfaction. The results of the mediationeffect analysis showed that smartphone dependence directly predicted negative emotions in university students（β=0.40, P<0.01）; perceived social support and life satisfaction played independent mediating roles between smartphonedependence and negative emotions in university students（β=0.036, P<0.01; β=0.037, P<0.01）. The two also jointlyformed a chain mediation effect（β=0.022, P<0.01）. Bootstrap test showed that both the individual mediation effect of perceived social support and life satisfaction, as well as the chain mediation effect of the two, were statistically significant. Conclusion Smartphone dependence not only directly leads to negative emotions in university students, but also indirectly affects negative emotions by reducing their perceived social support and life satisfaction. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 353- [Abstract] ( 420 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (785 KB)  ( 559 ) 359 Impact of short-form video use on body image disorder in university students: an analysis of chain-mediated effect SHI Xiangzi, GOU Shuangyu, DU Meijie, LIU Xiaorong, PAN Chan, ZHANG Wanzhu DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.004 Objective To explore the impact of short-form video use on body image disorder, and investigate the mediating effect of upward social comparison and appearance anxiety between the two. Methods Students from a medical college in Guizhou Province were selected as participants. The survey was conducted by using the short-form video use scale, ascending social comparison scale, appearance anxiety scale, and simple negative physical self scale to measure the participants’ levels of short-form video use, appearance anxiety, upward social comparison, and body image disorder. A total of 943 valid questionnaires were obtained. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results Correlation analysis showed that short-form video use, upward social comparison, appearance anxiety, and body image disorder were significantly positively correlated with each other（r=0.20-0.70, all P<0.01）. The results of the mediation effect test indicated that the short-form video use significantly positively predicted body image disorder. Between the short-form video use and body image disorder, upward social comparison and appearance anxiety had independent mediating effects, and both also exerted a chain-mediated effect through the path of“short-form video use→upward social comparison→appearance anxiety→body image disorder”. Conclusion Short-form video use can directly predict the body image disorder of university students. Upward social comparison and appearance anxiety not only independently mediate the relationship between short-form video use and body image disorder, but also form a chain-mediated effect that jointly affects the relationship between short-form video use and body image disorder. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 359- [Abstract] ( 425 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (719 KB)  ( 408 ) 365 Impact of family-centered readiness for discharge plan on discharge preparation in children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations GONG Shumei, TANG Chunyan, YAN Jin, TANG Qiaoli, YU Qun DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.005 Objective To explore the impact of family-centered readiness for discharge plan on discharge preparation in children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations. Methods By using quasi-experimental design, children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations admitted to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were divided into a control group and an intervention group based on the order of hospitalization time, with 33 cases in each group. The control group received a home-based rehabilitation knowledge manual with text and images upon admission. During hospitalization, the responsible nurse was responsible for all nursing tasks for the child, and routine education was provided at discharge. The intervention group implemented a family-centered readiness for discharge plan, with the basic principle of authorizing parents to participate in the joint care. Relevant questionnaires were distributed to the parents, and the discharge preparation, discharge guidance quality evaluation, and parents’ anxiety status were compared between the two groups. Results At discharge, the total score of discharge preparation and the scores of all dimensions except the expected support dimension, as well as the score of dischargeguidance quality in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. At discharge and 2 weeks after home care, the anxiety levels of parents of the children in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.01）. Conclusion Implementing a family-centered readiness for discharge plan for children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations can effectively improve discharge preparation and alleviate parents’ anxiety and help both the children and parents smoothly cope with early discharge challenges. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 365- [Abstract] ( 383 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (711 KB)  ( 399 ) 370 Effects of nurse-led discharge preparation intervention on symptom control in preschool children with recurrent wheezing MA Yan, JIA Ru, ZHAO Huiyun, WANG Liwei DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.006 Objective To investigate the effects of nurse-led discharge preparation intervention on post-discharge symptom control in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. Methods A total of 99 hospitalized preschool children with repeated wheezing and their caregivers from October 2020 to March 2023 were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group followed the routine discharge nursing guidance, and the intervention group followed the routine discharge nursing guidance with the nurse-led discharge preparation intervention. The intervention effects of the two groups were evaluated and compared based on the scores of discharge preparation scale-parent version, the improvedChinese version of test for respiratory and asthma control in kids（TRACK）questionnaire, and changes in symptom control indicators of the children. Results The total score of discharge preparation and scores for disease knowledge, self condition, coping strategies after discharge, and available social support were 195.28±5.23, 74.52±1.72, 63.22±1.64, 25.18±2.09, and 32.36±3.71 in the intervention group, and 177.82±7.98, 69.84±6.22, 57.22±5.33, 22.39±2.83, and 28.37±3.95 in the control group, respectively. All scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P< 0.01）. The TRACK questionnaire scores showed no significant difference in the discharge date between the two groups. At 1 , 3 , and 6 months of follow-up after discharge, the intervention group had scores of 80.60±6.52, 85.60±5.61, and 88.10±5.28, while the control group had scores of 78.47±6.71, 83.47±5.23, and 83.88± 5.52, respectively. The scores of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group（P<0.05）. In terms of symptom control indicators such as wheezing attacks and seeking medical attention due to wheezing, results in the intervention group was significantly better than those in the control group（P<0.001）. Conclusion The nurse-led discharge preparation intervention can improve the discharge preparation of the caregivers of preschool children with recurrent wheezing, and is beneficial to the control of wheezing symptoms. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 370- [Abstract] ( 391 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (687 KB)  ( 205 ) 375 Community diagnosis and treatment management and efficacy evaluation of allergic rhinitis in children under medical alliances model MO Dandan, BAO Min, WANG Yanping, LU Ping, TANG Huiyun, DONG Wenfang, CHEN Jiande, WU Jinhong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.007 Objective To investigate the effectiveness of community diagnosis and treatment management of allergic rhinitis in children under the medical alliances model. Methods The study included patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis who visited Shanghai Children’s Medical Center（SCMC group, 114 cases）and Jinyang Community Health Service Center（JINYANG group, 111 cases）from July 2022 to June 2023. The patients received standardized diagnosis and treatment model in progress of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Visual analog scale（VAS）and mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire（mRQLQ）were used monthly to assess disease severity and treatment plans were adjustedsubsequently. We analyzed and compared the treatment outcomes（VAS and mRQLQ scores）, medical expenses, time spent on medical treatment, and satisfaction with medical treatment between the two groups. Results After 3 months of follow-up management, there was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups（P>0.05）. The mRQLQscores in the JINYANG group were significantly better than those in the SCMC group（P<0.01）. Compared with baseline data, the VAS scores [2（2,3）vs 7（6,8）; 2（2,3）vs 6（6,7）] and mRQLQ scores [（4.21±1.21）vs（35.31±7.29）;（3.64±1.18）vs（37.32±6.82）] in the SCMC group and the JINYANG group showed significant improvement（P<0.05）. The average single outpatient expenses for the SCMC group and the JINYANG group were（305±29.8）yuan and（159±21.9） yuan, respectively（P<0.05）. The average single visit duration was 3 h and 1 .5 h, respectively, and the satisfaction rates were 95% and 99%, respectively. Conclusion The standardized diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in community hospitals can achieve similar results as tertiary hospitals, while reducing costs, saving treatment time, and achieving higher patient satisfaction. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 375- [Abstract] ( 394 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (736 KB)  ( 262 ) 379 Stressful life events and smartphone dependence among middle school students: mediating role of psychological security and moderating role of parental phubbing XING Qiang, LI Jiajia, LIANG Qiao, YANG Min DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.008 Objective To explore the mediating role of psychological security between stressful life events and smartphone dependence, and investigate the moderating role of parental phubbing between them. Methods A total of 944 middle school students completed a questionnaire survey, including the smartphone addiction index scale, adolescent self-rating life events checklist, security questionnaire, and parental phubbing scale. Statistical analysis was conducted on the relevant data. Results Significant correlations were observed between stressful life events, psychological security, parental phubbing, and smartphone dependence. Psychological security mediated the relationship between stressful life events and smartphone dependence. Parental phubbing exhibited significantly moderating effects on the pathways of“stressful life events→psychological security”and“psychological security→smartphone dependence”. Conclusion Stressful life events can increase the risk of smartphone dependence through reducing psychological security. Parental phubbing acts as a moderator in the influence of stressful life events on psychological security, as well as in the influence of psychological security on smartphone dependence. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 379- [Abstract] ( 391 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (714 KB)  ( 316 ) 385 Effects of adolescent friendship quality on daily academic resilience: a moderated mediation model CHEN Qiongfeng, CHEN Yiwen DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.009 Objective To explore the effects of friendship quality on adolescent daily academic resilience, and investigate the mechanisms that influence it. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on adolescents by using friendship quality scale, basic psychological needs scale, emotion regulation self-efficacy scale, and daily academic resilience scale. A total of 961 valid questionnaires were obtained. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results Friendship quality was significantly positively correlated with daily academic resilience. Basic psychological needs fully mediated the relationship between friendship quality and daily academic resilience. Emotion regulation self-efficacy moderated the mediating effects of basic psychological needs, with friendship quality being a stronger predictor of basic psychological needs in subjects with higher levels of emotion regulation self-efficacy, and basic psychological needs being a stronger predictor of daily academic resilience in subjects with lower levels of emotion regulation self-efficacy. Conclusion In the adolescent population, basic psychological needs mediate the effect of friendship quality on daily academic resilience, and this mediating effect is moderated by emotion regulation self-efficacy. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 385- [Abstract] ( 405 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (712 KB)  ( 330 ) 391 Effects of perceived discrimination on adolescents' problematic smartphone use: mediating roles of loneliness and ruminative response ZHOU Jingyi, HAO Zhi DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.010 Objective To investigate the mediating roles of loneliness and ruminative response in the relationship between perceived discrimination and problematic smartphone use among adolescents. Methods A survey was conducted on 1 705 middle school students by using questionnaires, which included the perceived discrimination questionnaire, UCLA loneliness scale, ruminative response scale, and smartphone addiction scale-short version. Statistical analysis was performed on the relevant data. Results Problematic smartphone use was significantly positively correlated with perceived discrimination, loneliness, and ruminative response（r=0.284, 0.432, 0.391, P<0.01）. Perceived discrimination had a significant direct effect on problematic smartphone use（95 %CI: 0.016-0.207）. Loneliness played a partial mediating role between perceived discrimination and problematic smartphone use（95%CI: 0.184-0.289）; ruminative response also playeda partial mediating role（95 %CI: 0.084-0.157）; loneliness and ruminative response together had a serial mediating effect （95 %CI: 0.040-0.081）. Conclusion Perceived discrimination can directly affect adolescents’ problematic smartphone use and also influence it through the separate mediating roles of loneliness or ruminative response, as well as the serial mediating effect of loneliness and ruminative response. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 391- [Abstract] ( 396 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (720 KB)  ( 307 ) 397 Relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and parental burnout: mediating role of maternal gatekeeping behavior and moderating role of self-compassion WEN Pei, CHEN Yiwen DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.011 Objective To explore the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and parental burnout, and investigate the roles of maternal gatekeeping behavior and self-compassion in it. Methods A survey was conducted through Credamo website on mothers of children aged 0 to 18 years by using socially prescribed perfectionism scale, maternal gatekeeping scale, self-compassion scale, and the short version of parental burnout assessment. A total of 415 valid questionnaires were collected. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results There was a significantly positive relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism, maternal gatekeeping behavior, and parental burnout. Maternal gatekeeping behavior mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and parental burnout, with a mediating effect value of 0.278 and a mediating effect ratio of 43.912 %. Self-compassion moderated the first half path and the direct path of the mediating model. Conclusion Socially prescribed perfectionism can not only directly predict parental burnout, but also have an indirect effect on it through maternal gatekeeping behavior. Self-compassion has a negative moderating effect, which can alleviate the effects of socially prescribed perfectionism on maternal gatekeeping behavior and parental burnout. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 397- [Abstract] ( 403 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (835 KB)  ( 291 ) 404 Parental emotional warmth and subjective well-being in adolescent eyes: mediating effects of gratitude and emotion regulation GU Xiling, CHEN Yiwen DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.012 Objective To explore the mechanisms of parental emotional warmth, gratitude, and emotion regulation on adolescent subjective well-being. Methods Based on bioecological theory, a questionnaire survey was conducted on876 adolescents by using Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran（EMBU）, adolescent gratitude scale, emotional regulation scale, and subjective well-being scale. The statistical analysis was conducted on the relevant data. Results Parental emotional warmth, gratitude, cognitive reappraisal dimension of emotional regulation, and subjective well-being were significantly positively correlated with each other. The expressive suppression dimensions of emotional regulation was significantly negatively correlated with mothers’ emotional warmth, but significantly positively correlated with the cognitive reappraisal dimension. The results of structural equation model and Bootstrap mediation effect tests showed that fathers’ emotional warmth positively predicted adolescent subjective well-being. Gratitude and the cognitive reappraisal dimension of emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between fathers’ emotional warmth and adolescent subjective well-being, and completely mediated the relationship between mothers’ emotional warmth and adolescent subjective well-being. Conclusion The mechanisms of fathers’ or mothers’ emotional warmth on adolescents’ subjective well-being are not completely consistent. Fathers’ emotional warmth could directly influence adolescent subjective well-being. Parental emotional warmth could influence adolescent subjective well-being through the mediating effect of gratitude and the cognitive reappraisal dimension of emotion regulation, respectively. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 404- [Abstract] ( 445 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (861 KB)  ( 360 )        Review 411 Progress in application of animal-assisted therapy in children’s education and psychotherapy GAN Lu, ZHU Liqi DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.05.013 Animal-assisted therapy is an emerging treatment approach that utilizes animals to enhance individuals’ physical and mental health, social interaction, and cognitive abilities. It is an effective and valuable intervention method. In the field of education, the presence of animals can create a more attractive and peaceful learning environment, thereby enhancing children’s learning motivation and engagement. In the therapeutic environment, the inclusion of animals can encourage children to participate more actively in therapy. The article summarizes the origins, treatment mechanisms, and applications of animal-assisted therapy to children’s education, assisting in improving the physical functions of disabled children, and psychological therapy for children. It also reflects on and anticipates its future applications in the field of medical education. 2024 Vol. 12 (5): 411- [Abstract] ( 487 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (698 KB)  ( 565 )

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