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2023 Vol. 11, No. 1
Published: 2023-01-30
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1
Advances in dynamic metacognitive monitoring theory based on brain science
LIU Shufang, CHEN Gongxiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.001
Metacognition is a person’s ability to monitor and regulate his own cognitive activities, and also an important ability that affects cognitive performance and learning in perception, memory, arithmetic, reading, and many other areas. Early metacognitive monitoring theory believed that metacognitive monitoring was a cognitive process highly related to the prefrontal cortex（PFC）. With the continuous development of brain science, more and more evidences show that dynamic metacognitive monitoring needs to integrate multi-channel information in the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the early metacognitive monitoring theory. Metacognitive monitoring requires not only the activation of PFC but also the dynamic connection of brain functional network. The neural basis of metacognitive monitoring in different tasks and domains is specific. Individual metacognitive monitoring ability has individual difference. Future research directions can further study the connection and difference between metacognitive monitoring and the neural basis of metacognitive control, and use meta-analysis to integrate the results of brain science research and a large amount of longitudinal and horizontal data to map the dynamic development trajectory of the neural basis of metacognitive monitoring.
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Application of multi-family skill training group model of dialectical behavior therapy to adolescents with emotional disorders
LU Lu, WU Jingyi, QIU Meihui, WU Jiahui, ZHANG Jingsong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.002
Objective
To preliminarily explore the application of multi-family skills training group model ofdialectical behavior therapy to adolescents（DBT-A）in China.
Methods
Eight adolescents with emotional disorders and their families who visited the Department of Clinical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from March to November 2020 were selected for 19 -week-long dialectical behavior group skills training.Before and after intervention, child anxiety related emotional disorders（SCARED）, self-rating scale for depressivedisorder in childhood（DSRSC）, and simplified coping style questionnaire（SCSQ）were used for questionnaire evaluation.
Results
Four adolescents and their parents completed 19-week-long group training and assessments after intervention and 6 -month follow-up. Compared with that before intervention, the adolescents’ depression score of DSRSC was marginallysignificantly lower（0.05<P<0.1）after intervention and continued to decrease during follow-up. The adolescents’ anxiety scores of SCARED continued to decrease during the 6 -month follow-up, and showed a marginally significant decreasecompared with the baseline（0.05 <P<0.1）. The adolescents’ positive coping style of SCSQ increased significantly（P<0.05） and remained constant during follow-up. After the positive coping style was improved, anxiety and learning motivation changed from negative correlation to positive correlation. In terms of intervention acceptance, the average score of the work alliance factor was higher than 3 points, indicating that the work alliance was in good condition, and the course attendance rate was 93.3%.
Conclusion
DBT-A can significantly improve the emotions and positive coping styles of adolescents with emotional disorders. At the same time, the group model has good feasibility, acceptability, and good clinical value.
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Design of teaching activities for reading of Chinese ancient poetry in junior high school students based on educational neuroscience: an example of five-character rhythm poem “Farewell to Crossing Jingmen”
SHEN Kena, ZHOU Jiaxian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.003
Chinese ancient poetry is an important part of language learning at the junior high school level, but it has often become a major difficulty for teachers. This paper takes a specific poem lesson as an example and designs a series of teaching activities based on educational neuroscience. This study emphasizes the use of“ancient poetry rhythm and background music”“aesthetic judgment”“ancient poetry connotation”“painting with poetry”and other contents in ancient poetry teaching, and designs a series of teaching activities specifically suitable for junior high school students. It discusses the feasible methods of teaching, aiming to provide scientific evidence and useful enlightenment for the teaching practice of Chinese ancient poetry in basic education.
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Effects of peer fear and inferiority on senior high school students’ social adaptability: a moderated mediation model
XIAO Xiaofang, ZHENG Xifu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.004
Objective
To explore the relationships among peer fear and inferiority, self-esteem, peer acceptance and social adjustment, and assess the functional mechanism.
Methods
A total of 656 senior high school students were enrolled. Peer fear and inferiority scale, self-esteem scale, peer acceptance scale, and social adjustment scale were used in this survey.
Results
Peer fear and inferiority significantly negatively predicted senior high school students’ social adjustment. Self-esteem played a partial mediating role in peer fear and inferiority and social adjustment. Peer acceptance played a moderating role in the path from peer fear and inferiority to self-esteem and from self-esteem to social adjustment.On the one hand, peer acceptance relieved the negative influence of peer fear and inferiority on self-esteem; on the other hand, peer acceptance limited the promotion of self-esteem on social adjustment.
Conclusion
Peer fear and inferiority can weaken self-esteem and social adjustment of senior high school students. On the whole, peer acceptance is a protective factor of self-esteem and social adjustment.
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Music teaching design based on educational neuroscience evidence: an example of music appreciation class
Wild Bees Dancing in the Air
ZHOU Yi, ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Jiaxian, ZHOU Pengyan, WANG Yanyan, LUAN Tianchi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.005
Music is the art of hearing. The students mainly feel and experience the beauty of music through auditory activities. This paper takes the second grade music appreciation class Wild Bees Dancing in the Air in Shanghai primary school as an example to design a series of musical activities such as musical imagination, emotional experience, humming melody, dance imitation, and context creation, guiding students to experience and associate the musical image with scene of wild bees“buzzing”as depicted in the music. This paper presents practical insights and reflections on the knowledge of educational neuroscience for music appreciation teaching from the perspective of brain science. In the design of teaching, students’ auditory, kinesthetic, visual, and tactile senses are fully mobilized, and students’ multisensory perceptions are activated to learn together to appreciate music works, which makes the abstract teaching content more intuitive and vivid.
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Effects of adult attachment on college students’ mobile phone addiction tendency: mediating role of neurotic personality
LIU Huiping, WANG Hanqing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.006
Objective
To study the influence of adult attachment on mobile phone addiction tendency of college students, and test the mediating role of neurotic personality in the big five personality in the relationship between them.
Methods
The subjects of this study were 354 college students in Jiangsu Province. The revised adult attachment scale (AAS), Chinese big five personality inventory, brief version（CBF-PI-B）, and the mobile phone addiction tendency scale (MPATS) were used to investigate. The Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating effect of neurotic personality.
Results
Both adult attachment style and neurotic personality significantly predicted the tendency of mobile phoneaddiction. Among them, secure attachment significantly negatively predicted mobile phone addiction tendency（F=50.158, P<0.001）, but fearful attachment significantly positively predicted mobile phone addiction tendency（F=21.723, P<0.001）. Neurotic personality significantly positively predicted mobile phone addiction（P<0.001）. Neurotic personality played a partial mediating role in the relationship between secure and fear attachments and mobile phone addiction tendency.
Conclusion
Secure and fear attachments in college students not only directly affect the tendency of mobile phone addiction, but also indirectly affect the tendency of mobile phone addiction through the mediating effect of neurotic personality in the big five personality.
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Neurocognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted children and educational suggestions
QIAO Xinhong, BI Jia, ZHOU Jiaxian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.007
Mathematically gifted children refer to those who have excellent ability and performance in mathematics. Compared with ordinary children, the right hemisphere of mathematically gifted children is more active, which enables them to have higher level cognitive ability. The right hemisphere is dominant in geometry and visual spatial analysis, and is highly involved in mathematical reasoning and creative processing. The interaction between the two hemispheres of the brain is enhanced, so the information can be processed efficiently without paying high processing cost, so that the individual can complete mathematical tasks faster and more accurately. The enhancement of fronto-parietal network and its bilateral processing mechanism enables gifted children to quickly and efficiently process and integrate various information from the frontal and parietal lobes in the left and right hemispheres, which makes their speed and accuracy in processing mathematical information much higher than that of ordinary children. At the same time, the fronto-parietal network is not only related to higher-order mathematical reasoning but also to creative thinking. Therefore, the mathematically gifted children are outstanding in the process of mathematical creative problem-solving and in the aspect of mathematical logical reasoning. Based on these neurocognitive characteristics, educators can recognize mathematically gifted children and design corresponding courses and teaching strategies for them.
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Qualitative study on cognitive experience and needs of family members on cardiac rehabilitation after surgery of children with congenital heart disease
WANG Qiuping, YANG Ling, YU Qun, WU Yurong, WANG Jun, XU Zhenrong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.008
Objective
To understand the real experience of family members’ cognition and needs of cardiac rehabilitation after surgery of children with congenital heart disease.
Methods
From September to November 2021 , 13 family members of hospitalized children with congenital heart disease were selected to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews by the purposeful sampling method, and were recorded. Then, the Colaizzi 7 -step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data and summarize the themes.
Results
A total of 2 categories and 8 themes were summarized. The first category was family members having limited awareness of cardiac rehabilitation, including lack of understanding of the content of cardiac rehabilitation, limited way to understand cardiac rehabilitation knowledge, and weak awareness of postoperative cardiac rehabilitation in children but positive attitude. The second category was family members having diverse needs for cardiac rehabilitation, including the disease knowledge and information acquisition needs, postoperative care and coping skills needs, professional and non-professional social support needs, psychological comfort and counseling needs, and continuous nursing scene needs.
Conclusion
Medical staff should enhance the awareness of family members of children with congenital heart disease on cardiac rehabilitation, expand their access to authoritative knowledge, and provide multi-cooperative, diversified, and targeted intervention methods to promote the rehabilitation of children with congenital heart disease.
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Influence of paternal co-parenting on offspring depression: moderating effect of adolescent romantic relationship experience
LI Xing, GUO Fei, CHEN Zhiyan, SUN Yunwen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.009
Objective
To explore the influence of paternal co-parenting on adolescent depression, and investigate the moderating effect of adolescent romantic relationship experience.
Methods
A total of 1 111 adolescents aged 14 -19 were recruited and completed parental co-parenting scale, adolescent romantic relationship experience questionnaire, and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
Results
The depression scores of adolescents with romantic relationship experience were significantly higher than those without romantic relationship experience. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation among father’s negative co-parenting, adolescent romantic relationship experience, and adolescent depression. Father’s negative co-parenting performance significantly positively predicted adolescent depression. Adolescent romantic relationship experience played a regulatory role in father’s negative co-parenting and adolescent depression.
Conclusion
Fathers’ performance in co-parenting has a significant influence on adolescent depression, and this effect can be moderated by adolescent romantic relationship experience.
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Association between nutritional status and dietary and exercise behavior of primary and middle school students in Hongkou District, Shanghai
QI Deyun, LI Liping, JIANG Yanwei, ZHOU Yuan
DOI: doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.010
Objective
To investigate the association between the nutrition status and dietary and exercise behaviors of primary and middle school students in Hongkou District, Shanghai.
Methods
The physical measurement and questionnaire data of students in Hongkou District of Shanghai were collected from the National Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Project in 2019 . The nutritional status of the students and its possible influencing factors were analyzed.
Results
A total of 1 884 primary and middle school students in grades 4-12 from 7 schools in Hongkou District participated in the survey. The rates of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity were 7.6%, 18.1%, and 14.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in nutritional status of students of different genders（P<0.001）; the rates of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in boys（8.7%, 20.2%, and 19.8%）were higher than those in girls（6.4%, 15.9%, and 9.4%）; there was no significant difference in nutritional status between students among different grades and exercise frequency（P>0.05）; there was significant difference in nutritionalstatus of students with different frequency of sweet food intake（P<0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that boys had a relatively higher risk of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity, and those who did not eat sweets had a higher risk of overweight.
Conclusion
Both malnutrition and overnutrition exist in primary and middle school students in Hongkou District, especially in boys, It is suggested that male students need more attention during the intervention. It is necessary to carry out multi-environment interventions such as school, family, and community, and to promote the healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents.
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Study on current situation and influencing factors of sibling relationships among preschool children in two-child families in Jiangsu Province
SONG Jia, TIAN Tian, LI Jing, ZHANG Dan, YUAN Hui, SHEN Mengmeng, HU Youfang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.011
Objective
To describe the current status of sibling relationship among preschool children in urban two-child families in Jiangsu Province, explore the influencing factors of sibling relationship among preschool children, and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the positive development of sibling relationship among preschool children.
Methods
By using the method of stratified cluster sampling, from March to July 2019 , 2 064 eligible preschool children from 7 cities in Jiangsu Province were selected. The 3-6-year-old urban children’s family parenting environment questionnaire, 4-16-year-old Achenbach children’s behavior checklist（CBCL）, self-prepared preschool children’s sibling relationship questionnaire, and family general situation questionnaire were used to investigate. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of sibling relationship.
Results
Sibling intimacy was positively correlated with good and moderate family upbringing（P<0.05）, but negatively correlatedwith sibling age difference（P<0.05）. Sibling conflict was positively correlated with sibling age difference, good, and moderate family upbringing, and father’s democratic parenting style（P<0.05）, but negatively correlated with CBCL results （P<0.05）. Sibling competition was positively correlated with good family upbringing environment, sibling age difference, and parents’ democratic parenting style（P<0.05）, but negatively correlated with CBCL results and family income（P<0.05）.
Conclusion
The large age gap between the first and second child can reduce the occurrence of sibling conflict and competition, but it is not conducive to sibling intimacy. A good family upbringing environment and the democratic parenting pattern of parents are conducive to the promotion of sibling relationships among preschool children. Children with behavioral problems are not conducive to the promotion of sibling relationships.
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Research progress on vitamin D and autism spectrum disorder
YIN Heng, XIE Jiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.012
Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Vitamin D is a common fat-soluble vitamin, and its effects are closely related to nervous system development in addition to affecting calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Recent studies have shown that serum vitamin D levels are negatively correlated with the severity of ASD. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or early fetal development, which is one of the most important risk factors for the development of ASD, can affect brain development and lead to long-term or even permanent damage to learning processes, memory formation, and cognitive function. In addition, vitamin D supplementation can improve core symptoms of ASD children and, to some extent, reduce the risk of developing ASD. This paper reviewed the metabolism and physiology of vitamin D, the relationship between vitamin D and ASD, and its role in the prevention and treatment of ASD.
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Advances in application of habit reversal training to tic disorder
WANG Houyi, LI Yaping
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2023.01.013
Tic disorder is a neuropsychiatric disorder in children with tics as the main manifestation. The clinical manifestations are diverse, often causing excessive concern due to abnormal or exaggerated performance of movements, behaviors, and vocalizations, which bring great distress to the affected children and their families. There are various clinical treatment methods, including medication, psychotherapy, behavioral intervention, and traditional Chinese medicine, such as acupuncture, and tui-na. Behavioral interventions are highly favored because of their safety and effectiveness, among which habit reversal training is widely used. This paper reviewed the researches on the application of habit reversal training to tic disorder in order to provide reference for standardizing its clinical application.
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