Objective To explore the parenting style of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）, and analyze its relationships with children’s emotional problems, digital products usage, learning motivation, and parenting competence. Methods A total of 190 children with ADHD were enrolled. Their parents filled Egna Minnen av Barndoms uppfostran to evaluate parenting style of fathers and mothers separately. Depression self-rating scale for children, screening for child anxiety-related emotional disorders, self-rating questionnaire for problematic mobile phone use, Young’s internet addiction test, and students learning motivation scale were used to assess negative emotions, digital products usage, and learning motivation. Results There were significant positive correlations of factors between fathers’ and mothers’parenting style（r=0.26-0.54, P< 0 .001）. Children’s depression and anxiety, mobile phone dependence, internet use, and lack of learning motivation were significantly positively correlated with parents’ punishment and severity, refusal and denial, and protection and interference（r=0.18-0.40, P<0.05 or P< 0 .01）. Children’s depression and lack of learning motivation were negatively correlated with fathers’warm understanding（r=-0.29, P<0.01; r=-0.20, P<0.01）. Parenting efficacy was positively correlated with mothers’warm understanding（r=0.17, P<0.05）, and negatively correlated with mothers’punishment and severity（r=-0.15, P<0.05）and refusal and denial（r=-0.20, P<0.05）. Conclusion There are significant correlation between fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles of children with ADHD. Parents’ punishment and severity, refusal and denial, and protection and interference are positively correlated with ADHD children’s depression and anxiety, digital product usage, and lack of learning motivation. Parents’ self-perceived parenting competence has mild relation with children’s evaluation of parenting style.

Objective To explore the associations between paternal psychological control and adolescent depression and the mediating role of adolescent self-disclosure. Methods A total of 556 adolescents aged from 13 -18 years completed the self-reported measures of the psychological control scale, self-disclosure scale, and center for epidemiologicstudies depression scale（CES-D）. Results Correlation analyses showed that paternal psychological control and its three subscales were positively correlated with adolescent depression, and negatively correlated with adolescent self-disclosure. The mediation modeling indicated that paternal psychological control and its three subscales had significant direct effects on adolescent depression. The effect of paternal psychological control on adolescent depression relied on both the direct effect and the indirect effect of adolescent self-disclosure. Conclusion In the relationship between psychological control and adolescent depression, the effect of paternal psychological control is partially mediated by adolescent self-disclosure.

Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive and functional impairment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）. Methods A total of 320 children who were diagnosed as ADHD in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between Jan. 2019 and Dec. 2020 and 120normal control children were recruited in the study. The Wechsler intelligence scale for children, fourth edition（WISC-Ⅳ）, Swanson Nolan and Pelham of Chinese version, version Ⅳ scale, parent form（SNAP-Ⅳ）, and Weiss functional impairment rating scale, parent form（WFIRS-P）were used to evaluate the symptoms and functional impairment of children. Results Compared with the control group, the speech comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index, working memory index, processing speed index in WISC-Ⅳ and total intelligence quotient（IQ）in the ADHD group were all significantly lower
（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, attention deficit, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional defiant items in SNAP-Ⅳ, and family, earning/school, life skills, self-concept, social activities, and risk-taking activity scores in WFIRS-P in the ADHD group were all significantly higher（P<0.05）. In the ADHD group, the scores of SNAP-Ⅳ and WFIRS-P in the subgroup with IQ<90 were significantly higher than those in the subgroup with IQ≥90（P<0.05）. Conclusion ADHD children have relatively low cognition and functional impairment, and the core symptoms and functional impairment of ADHD are more serious in those with lower intelligence level.

Objective To investigate the situation of parent-child communication of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyze the characteristics of parent-child relations and the effects on psychological health. Methods University students from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai were enrolled as survey subjects. An online questionnaire survey that concluded a self-compiled parent-child relations scale and the depression anxiety stress scale（DASS-21）was distributed to evaluate parent-child relations and psychological stress of university students, respectively. Results Among the 317 students surveyed, 30（9 . 46%）reported depression, 41（12.93%）reported anxiety, and 17（5.36%）reported stress. The communication between the students and their parents can be related to their gender, their parents’ work status and education level. The fathers’ absence and parent-child communication initiated by the fathers were independent risk factors for university students’ psychological stress and negative emotions. Parent-child communication including current social affairs was a protective factor. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, parent-child relations can influence the level of university students’ psychological health. Focus on cultivating good parent-child relationship is needed to prevent the increase of students’ psychological stress.

Objective To construct and verify the structural equation model of care experience, and analyze care experience of caregivers of children with autism. Methods A total of 186 children with autism admitted in People’s Hospital of Chongqing Dazu Distrist, Chongqing from March 2018 to June 2020 and their main caregivers were selected.Childhood autism rating scale（CARS）was used to assess the severity of the disease. Zarit caregiver burden interview（ZBI）, positive aspects of caregiving（PAC）, self-reparting inventory [symptom checklist-90（SCL-90）], and satisfactionwith life scale（SWLS）were used to investigate caregivers’ burden, positive feeling, mental state, and life satisfaction. The correlations among the variables were analyzed. According to Kramer’s caregiver adaptation model, the structural equation model of care experience was constructed and verified. Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were correlations between the severity of the disease, caregiver burden, caregiver’s psychological state, caregiver’s positive feeling, and caregiver’s life satisfaction（P<0.05）. Structural equation model analysis showed that the severity of children’s disease had a positive impact on the burden of caregivers directly（P<0.05）, and then had a positive impact on the psychological state of caregivers indirectly（P<0.05）. The severity of children’s condition had a negative impact on the positive feelingof caregivers directly（P<0.05）, and then had a positive impact on the psychological state of caregivers indirectly and a negative impact on life satisfaction（P<0.05）. Caregivers’ burden had a negative impact on caregivers’ positive feeling and life satisfaction（P<0.05）, but had a positive impact on caregivers’ psychological status（P<0.05）. The positive feelingof caregivers had a negative impact on the psychological state of caregivers（P<0.05）, but had a positive impact on lifesatisfaction（P<0.05）. The psychological status of caregivers had a negative impact on the life satisfaction of caregivers（P<0.05）. Conclusion The caregivers’ care experience of autistic children has both negative and positive aspects, which are related to the severity of the disease. The main effect of positive and negative aspects of caregivers is stronger than the cross effect.

Objective To systematically review the causes and influencing factors of China’s adolescents’ suicide behavior. Methods PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Data knowledge service platform were searched to include Chinese and English references on Chinese adolescents’ suicide behavior research. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to March 1, 2021. Results A total of 132 references of China’s adolescents’ suicide behavior were collected.
There were many researches on family, social environment and psychological factors, most of which played an intermediate role in suicide behavior. There were few studies on mental illness, trauma, and stress factors, but they were closely related to suicide behavior. There was no large-scale research on biological and psychological mechanisms. Conclusion Many factors in the living environment, especially family environmental factors, tend to lead to the occurrence of adolescents’ suicide behavior, and no specific reasons are found. More researches on mental illness, personality, trauma, and stress are needed to clarify the relationship between causes and influencing factors with adolescents’ suicide behavior.

Body image attitude is closely associated with subjective well-being, emotional experience, and eating disorder symptoms. Exercise is a way that people often adopt to improve physical health and body shape. However, exercise does not always bring positive effects to body image attitude. For non-athletes, the motivation to participate in exercise is a key variable for their body image attitude. The level of body image satisfaction is generally decreased for those with a primary motivation to improve appearance, but increased for those with a primary motivation to promote health and physical function. As for professional athletes, elite athletes and athletes in sports which favor a lean body or low body weight are more likely to develop negative attitude toward their own body. Additionally, for some patients whose body image is seriously threatened by illness（e.g., breast cancer patients）, regular exercise could increase their body image satisfaction. The relationship between exercise and body image attitude among athletes, elite athletes, and special populations was reviewed in this study.

Neurofeedback training（NFT）is a kind of neuroenhancement technology based on operating conditions and brain activation, and it aims at optimizing brain function. In recent years, with the development of neurofeedback technology, researchers tried to apply neurofeedback technology to enhance and improve brain function for autism spectrum disorder（ASD）. In this paper, we reviewed traditional intervention ways for ASD, and introduced application of NFT to ASD. Although neurofeedback technology still needs to be further improved, a lot of studies showed that NFT can improve speech, social skills, executive functions, and brain functions for ASD. NFT is noninvasive, and it can produce the desired effect in a short term. With the further development of neurofeedback technology and standardization of studies in this field, it is expected to bring more and more good news for individuals with special needs including ASD.

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, is necessary for the human body. It exists in many forms in the human body, and calcitriol is the main active form. The combination of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor（VDR）plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, immune response, cell differentiation, and apoptosis in the body. VDRs, derived from the steroid superfamily, are also expressed on the placenta, and can regulate genes related to the differentiation and proliferation of trophoblasts. The polymorphism of the VDR gene is related to the structure and function of the VDR, and indirectly affects the metabolism of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, and pelvic floor function. This article reviews the relationship between vitamin D and its receptors and obstetric complications and comorbidities.