Objective To construct and verify the structural equation model of care experience, and analyze care experience of caregivers of children with autism. Methods A total of 186 children with autism admitted in People’s Hospital of Chongqing Dazu Distrist, Chongqing from March 2018 to June 2020 and their main caregivers were selected.Childhood autism rating scale（CARS）was used to assess the severity of the disease. Zarit caregiver burden interview（ZBI）, positive aspects of caregiving（PAC）, self-reparting inventory [symptom checklist-90（SCL-90）], and satisfactionwith life scale（SWLS）were used to investigate caregivers’ burden, positive feeling, mental state, and life satisfaction. The correlations among the variables were analyzed. According to Kramer’s caregiver adaptation model, the structural equation model of care experience was constructed and verified. Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were correlations between the severity of the disease, caregiver burden, caregiver’s psychological state, caregiver’s positive feeling, and caregiver’s life satisfaction（P<0.05）. Structural equation model analysis showed that the severity of children’s disease had a positive impact on the burden of caregivers directly（P<0.05）, and then had a positive impact on the psychological state of caregivers indirectly（P<0.05）. The severity of children’s condition had a negative impact on the positive feelingof caregivers directly（P<0.05）, and then had a positive impact on the psychological state of caregivers indirectly and a negative impact on life satisfaction（P<0.05）. Caregivers’ burden had a negative impact on caregivers’ positive feeling and life satisfaction（P<0.05）, but had a positive impact on caregivers’ psychological status（P<0.05）. The positive feelingof caregivers had a negative impact on the psychological state of caregivers（P<0.05）, but had a positive impact on lifesatisfaction（P<0.05）. The psychological status of caregivers had a negative impact on the life satisfaction of caregivers（P<0.05）. Conclusion The caregivers’ care experience of autistic children has both negative and positive aspects, which are related to the severity of the disease. The main effect of positive and negative aspects of caregivers is stronger than the cross effect.