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2022 Vol. 10, No. 1 Published: 2022-01-30 Review Article Forum        Forum 1 Status quo of orthographic knowledge researches in Chinese dyslexia children LIU Liying, CHI Xia DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.001 Dyslexia refers to the phenomenon that children with normal intelligence and adequate neurological or organic conditions in the development process, have the significantly lower reading level than children of the corresponding intellectual level or physiological age. Dyslexia is the most common learning disorder among school-age children, accounting for about 80 % of learning disabilities. Orthography plays an important role in learning logographic languages such as Chinese. Chinese characters are made up of spatial arrangements of strokes and different strokes combine to form larger units called “radicals,”which may further combine to form complex characters. These are called orthography. Orthographic knowledge may be the crux of Chinese dyslexia. Nonetheless, the researches of orthographic knowledge are few and limited in China. In consequence we should carry out more researches on orthographic knowledge in China. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 1- [Abstract] ( 1255 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (850 KB)  ( 1284 )        Article 6 Correlation between severity of symptoms and overall development level of children with autism spectrum disorder at different ages LI Chunli, SHAN Ling, LI Honghua, ZHAO Weiyan, JIA Feiyong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.002 Objective To investigate the association between the severity of symptoms and overall development level of children with autism spectrum disorder （ASD）at different ages. Methods A total of 503 children （2 groups including 272 ≤3 years old and 231 >3 years old）first diagnosed as ASD from May 2016 to May 2019 were enrolled. The core symptoms of ASD were assessed by autism behavior scale （ABC）and childhood autism rating scale （CARS）. The Chinese version ofthe Gesell developmental schedule （GDS）was used to test the development of quotient （DQ）. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s correlation analysis were performed for statistical analyses. Results There was no significant difference in the total ABC score between the two groups. The total CARS score of the >3 years old group was significantly lower than that of the ≤3 years old group （P<0.05）. There was significant difference in the distribution of personal social DQ between thetwo groups（P<0.05）. The CARS score of all enrolled children was negatively correlated with DQ of adaptive performance （r=-0.095, P<0.05）and language（ r=-0.141, P<0.05）. The total ABC score was negatively correlated with DQ of adaptive performance in the ≤3 years old group （r=-0.137, P<0.05）and negatively correlated with DQ of language in the >3 years old group （r=-0.181, P<0.01）. Conclusion Children with an older age at diagnosis have mild ASD symptoms and an even worse personal-social ability. The correlation between symptom severity and developmental level of children with ASD at different ages is different. Under 3 years old, the children who have poor adaptability DQ are associated with severer symptoms. Older than 3 years old, the children who have poor language DQ are associated with severer symptoms. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 6- [Abstract] ( 1160 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (782 KB)  ( 963 ) 11 Study on motor function development in children with simple congenital heart disease ZHOU Xuan, DU Qing, LIANG Juping, LI Xin, YU Hong, JIN Mengdie, ZHU Xiaoqing, FAN Qimeng, SONG Yuanyuan, WANG Shanshan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.003 Objective To clarify the characteristics of motor development and the incidence of motor developmental delay in children with simple congenital heart disease （CHD）. Methods A total of 357 consecutive simple CHD children aged 0 -6 years were recruited. The second edition of the Peabody motor development scale （PMDS -2）was used to assess the motor development level of all children. Scores of fine motor quotient（FMQ）, gross motor quotient（GMQ） , and totalmotor quotient （TMQ）were calculated. GMQ score < 90 was defined as gross motor developmental delay, FMQ score < 90 as fine motor developmental delay, and TMQ < 90 as total motor developmental delay. Results There were significantdifferences in scores of FMQ, GMQ, and TMQ among different types of CHD （P<0.05）. GMQ in girls with CHD wassignificantly lower than that in boys with CHD （P=0.003）. The prevalence of gross motor developmental delay in children with CHD was 37.5%, the prevalence of fine motor developmental delay was 11.8%, and the prevalence of total motor developmental delay was 29.1%. Conclusion Children with simple CHD aged 0 -6 years have a higher prevalence of motor developmental delay. Simple CHD children with different gender and CHD types have different levels of motor function development. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 11- [Abstract] ( 1140 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (803 KB)  ( 914 ) 15 Survey on use of serving chopsticks and public knowledge on possible health hazard during COVID-19 pandemic CHU Yunqiu, YAO Qian, KE Huiyi, WAN Hancong, CHEN Jingyi, LUAN Yu, MU Tengyue, TIAN Ying DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.004 Objective To analyze the difficulties in popularizing serving chopsticks, and provide possible theoretical foundation for more precise promotion and long-term enforcement of using serving chopsticks. Methods A total of 533 people were investigated by online questionnaire from July 23 to August 6, 2020. The survey was to investigate the participants’ use of serving chopsticks as eating in and eating out both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and to find the reasons preventing them from using serving chopsticks as well as their knowledge on the possible health hazard. Results The survey found that both before and after COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of utilization of serving chopsticks as dining out was higher than that as dining in （P<0.01）. The main reason for not using serving chopsticks was “I think it’s too much trouble and I’m not used to it.” However, the proportion of the reason “never thinking of using serving chopsticks” decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic occurred （P<0.01）. The participants didn’t have a full knowledge of the possible health hazard of not using serving chopsticks, with only 8.4% of them choosing all the correct answers. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified the high self-recognition on the possible health hazard as a protective factor of nonuse of serving chopsticks （OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.214-0.587）. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, the propaganda exerted a positive impact on the usage of serving chopsticks, while the psychological factors, social customs, and insufficiency of knowledge might still have negative influences. Therefore, in addition to the existing propaganda, the provision of serving chopsticks in restaurants ought to be ensured and the knowledge of infectious disease prevention should be disseminated. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 15- [Abstract] ( 1166 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (832 KB)  ( 869 ) 21 Mutual influence between parental self-efficacy and social adaptability of children with intellectual disability: moderating effect of gender SUN Shengtao, CUI Xin, HUANG Ping DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.005 Objective To study the relationship between parental self-efficacy and social adaptability of children with intellectual disability, and explore the moderating effect of gender. Methods The parental self-efficacy questionnaire and the social adaptation behavior questionnaire were used to survey 283 parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Regression analysis was carried out on the predictive relationship among various variables, and the structural equation model was established for path and moderating effect analysis. Results There was bidirectional positive predictive effect between parental self-efficacy and social adaptability of children with intellectual disability. The bidirectional multiple regression analysis showed that when parental self-efficacy and social adaptation ability of children with intellectual disability were independent variables respectively, different dimensions had different predictive effects on dependent variables. The gender of children with intellectual disability moderated the effect of social adaptability on parental self-efficacy. Parental self-efficacy improved more significantly when girls had higher social adaptability. Conclusion Parental self-efficacy can interact with social adaptability of children. The improvement of social adaptability of girls with intellectual disability has more positive effects on parental self-efficacy. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 21- [Abstract] ( 1163 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (892 KB)  ( 923 ) 27 Effects of alexithymia and mobile phone use patterns on mobile phone dependence of college students HU Rongting, ZHOU Zhihan, ZHANG Bin, MAO Huili, PENG Yu, XIONG Sicheng DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.006 Objective To investigate the relations among mobile phone use patterns, alexithymia, and mobile phone dependence, and provide reference for improving college students’ mobile phone dependence. Methods By using convenient sampling method, 950 college students from three universities in Hunan Province, China were selected. Alexithymia scale, mobile phone dependence scale, and mobile phone use pattern scale were used to conduct questionnaire survey. Results There was a positive correlation between mobile phone dependence and alexithymia（ r=0.311, P<0.001）. Mobile phonerelationship and mobile phone entertainment were positively correlated with mobile phone dependence （ r=0.371, P<0.001; r=0.259, P<0.001）. Mobile phone entertainment was positively correlated with alexithymia （ r=0.127, P<0.001）. The mediating effect test showed that mobile phone entertainment played a partial mediating role between alexithymia and mobile phone dependence, and the mediating effect accounted for 11.1% of the total effect. Mobile phone relationship moderated the effect of alexithymia on the mobile phone entertainment. Alexithymia positively predicted mobile entertainment whenthe scores of mobile phone relationship was low（ t=4.48, P<0.001）, but it was not significant when the scores of mobilephone relationship was high （ t=1.815, P=0.070）. Conclusion Alexithymia can not only directly affect mobile phone dependence, but also indirectly affect mobile phone dependence through the mediating role of mobile phone entertainment. The relationship between alexithymia and mobile phone entertainment is moderated by the mobile phone relationship. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 27- [Abstract] ( 1148 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (865 KB)  ( 923 ) 32 Characteristics and intervention of general self-efficacy and psychological resilience of junior high school students: mediating role of social support ZHAO Jing, WANG Mingyue, FU Yue, ZHAO Jialin, CAI Dan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.007 Objective To investigate the mediating effect of social support on general self-efficacy and psychological resilience of junior high school students, and explore the intervention effect of group counseling on psychological resilience. Methods A total of 1 547 students were investigated in the first and second grades of eight ordinary junior high schools in Shanghai. General self-efficacy scale, social support scale, and psychological resilience scale were used. On this basis, a group counseling program was designed, and 7 psychological resilience group intervention activities were carried out on 16 students in the experimental group. Results There was significant correlation among psychological resilience, general self-efficacy, and social support of junior high school students. The general self-efficacy had a positive predictive effect on psychological resilience, and the social support part mediated the relationship between general self-efficacy and psychological resilience. The group counseling course had a significant effect on optimism, general self-efficacy, social support, and friend support. The pre-tests and post-tests of optimism, general self-efficacy, social support, and friend support had a significant interaction effect within the experimental group. The post-test scores of students in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the pre-test. Conclusion By improving the general self-efficacy and social support level of junior high school students, the improvement of their psychological resilience can be promoted. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 32- [Abstract] ( 1235 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (841 KB)  ( 1230 ) 40 Survey of online education of pediatrics during COVID-19 pandemic YANG Hongrong, LIN Qian, ZHANG Dandan, CAI Rong, WANG Wenyi, CHEN Yiqi DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.008 Objective To further improve online pediatric medical education, the situation of online pediatric medical education during COVID-19 pandemic was investigated. Methods From March 10 to 25 , 2020 , students who attended the online course of pediatrics education in Pediatric College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were randomly selected. By using self-made questionnaire, four dimensions of teaching organization, teaching content, classroom interaction, and curriculum acceptability were investigated on the satisfaction of pediatric online education. Results Pediatric online courses were presented in multiple forms and platforms. A total of 227 questionnaires weredistributed and 214 （94.3%）valid questionnaires were collected. The students were satisfied with the teaching organization and contents of the online learning, and the satisfaction rates were 81.3% and 78.2 %. The students’ acceptance of online classroom interactions and curriculum acceptability were moderate, 47.4 % and 42.7 %. Conclusion With the rapid development of pediatric online education, there are advantages in the accessibility of educational resources. But there are limitations in classroom interaction and internship education. Online and offline hybrid teaching mode of pediatric medicine will be a development trend of medical education in the future. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 40- [Abstract] ( 1164 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (831 KB)  ( 875 ) 44 Effects of continuing nursing based on health management APP on breastfeeding of primiparas YU Hua, SHI Yuanjui DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.009 Objective To discuss the effects of continuing nursing based on health management APP on breastfeeding of primiparas. Methods From March 2018 to March 2020 , 200 primiparas in Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected. They were divided into regular care group and APP continuous care group according to the random number table. The primiparas in the APP continuous care group received regular care and continuous care based on health management APP. The knowledge and skills of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, compliance, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results At 3 and 6 months after nursing, the scores of breastfeeding knowledge and skills and self-efficacy in the two groups were significantly improved （P<0.05）. The scores of breastfeeding knowledge and skills, self-efficacy, and compliance in the APP continuous care group were significantly higher than those in the regular nursinggroup （P<0.05）. At 6 months, the nursing satisfaction rate in the APP continuous care group was significantly higher than that in the regular nursing group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Continuous nursing based on health management APP can effectively improve the knowledge and skills of breast-feeding, self-efficacy, and compliance of primiparas. It improves the satisfaction of nursing, and is worth for further clinical promotion. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 44- [Abstract] ( 1146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (855 KB)  ( 867 ) 48 Effects of different caregiver models on behavioral problems of preschool children HU Qian, YOU Yueyuan, JIANG Minghao, CHEN Run DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.010 Objective To explore effects of different caregiver models on behavioral problems of preschool children. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 419 preschool children from 6 kindergartens in Deyang City, Sichuan Province. The Conners parent symptom questionnaire was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on their behavioral problems and care-related conditions. Results The detection rate of behavioral problems of preschool children was 10.36%. Boys had significantly higher rates of behavioral problems than girls （χ2=9.468，P<0.05）. The multivariate Logistic regression model analysis results showed that boys were more prone to behavioral problems than girls （OR=2.977, P=0.003）. Parental care （OR=0.320, P=0.004）or grandparental care（ OR=0.311, P=0.016）were both protective factors for the occurrence of behavioral problems in preschool children compared with parental and grandparental joint care. Conclusion Gender and different caregiver patterns have effects on the behavioral problems of preschool children. Parental and grandparental joint care is a risk factor for children’s behavioral problems. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 48- [Abstract] ( 1145 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (834 KB)  ( 820 ) 52 Effect of empathy on psychological stress: mediating and moderating roles of sense of hope and perceived social support SHI Sujuan, PAN Guanghua DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.011 Objective To study the effect of empathy on psychological stress, and explore the mediating effect and moderating role of sense of hope and perceived social support. Methods Using the student-life stress inventory （SLSI） , interpersonal reactivity index-C （IRI -C）, adult dispositional hope scale（ADHS） , and perceived social support scale （PSSS）, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 004 college students in a university in Shandong Province. Results The results of correlation analysis showed that psychological stress, empathy, sense of hope, and perceived social support wereall significantly correlated （ P<0.001） . The results of mediation test showed that empathy had a significant direct effect on college students’ psychological stress. Perceived social support and “hope-perceived social support” had significant mediating and chain mediating effects between empathy and psychological stress. The sense of hope had a significant moderating effect in the mediating model of perceived social support. Conclusion Empathy can not only directly affect the psychological stress of college students, but also indirectly affect the level of psychological stress through the mediating effect of perceived social support regulated by the sense of hope and the chain mediating effect of hope-perceived social support. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 52- [Abstract] ( 1175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (857 KB)  ( 1116 )        Review 58 Enlightenment of instrumental music training on treatment of autistic children from perspective of brain science LUAN Tianchi, ZHOU Pengyan, HUANG Jingyi, HUANG Jianmin DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.012 Cognitive neuroscience research has proven that autism is a disease based on the nervous system. The neurophysiological dysfunction of the human brain leads to various social, cognitive, and sensorimotor disorders of autism. However, more and more studies have shown that instrumental music training has a positive impact on the remodeling of the individual’s nervous system, through strengthening and perfecting the functional connections of the microscopic nerve fibers and the macroscopic functional performance, so that the multiple functional areas of the brain and neural networks can receive further development. These results show important enlightenment and reference significance for the treatment of autistic children. Through the analysis of the abnormal development of brain structure of autistic children and the neuroplasticity induced by instrumental music training, studies have found that instrumental music training and instrumental-based music therapy can be applied fully to the treatment of autistic children. This concept, which is based on the brain, suitability for the brain, and improvement of the brain, can promote the recovery process of autistic children, and intervenes and alleviates different obstacles of autistic children from the root cause. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 58- [Abstract] ( 1159 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (849 KB)  ( 1066 ) 66 Intuitive eating: principles, measurements, and benefits GAO Yawei, YU Xinyang, LIU Shuangshuang, WANG Kui DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2022.01.013 Based on the reflection on the consequences of dieting, nutrition therapists put forward the ideal of intuitive eating, arguing that people should respect their bodies and give up the idea of changing body shape by dieting, and opposing the practice of labeling food as either good or bad. Currently there are available tools to measure intuitive eating, which have been used in several countries. Evidence-based studies showed that intuitive eating can bring many benefits, including but not limit to decreasing the risk of binge eating, which may help body mass control, maintaining current body mass status, improving physical health, and promoting body acceptance. 2022 Vol. 10 (1): 66- [Abstract] ( 1096 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (791 KB)  ( 1182 )

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