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2021 Vol. 9, No. 5 Published: 2021-09-30 Review Article Forum        Forum 341 Advances in facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder CHEN Qian, JING Jin DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.001 Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important part of social cognition and social functioning. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social impairment, which may relate to problematic FER. Eye tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide new ideas for the study of neuropsychological mechanisms of FER. This article reviews the studies on FER in ASD, including  characteristics, brain mechanisms, and clinical intervention, which provides a theoretical basis for further improving ASD social disorder through FER intervention. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 341- [Abstract] ( 2922 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1204 KB)  ( 3474 )        Article 347 Relationship among college students' emotional intelligence, meaning in life, and life satisfaction: mediating role of self-esteem GAO Fei, CHI Xiaohui, SONG Xiaofan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.002 Objective　To explore the relationship among emotional intelligence, meaning in life, and life satisfaction, and the mediating role of self­esteem among them. Methods　A total of 670 college students from Jinan completed measures of emotional intelligence scale(EIS), meaning in life questionnaire(MLQ), Rosenberg self­esteem scale(RSES), and adolescent students' life satisfaction scale(ASLSS). Results　The female students' scores of meaning in life were significantly higher than those of male students. The freshmen had the highest life satisfaction, while the juniors had the lowest sense of meaning in life. Correlation analysis showed that emotional intelligence, meaning in life, self­esteem, and life satisfaction were significantly positively correlated with each other. Mediating effect test showed that self­esteem partially mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction, and completely mediated the relationship between meaning in life and life satisfaction, with the mediating effect accounting for 34.62% and 56.00% of the total variance, respectively. Conclusion　Emotional intelligence can directly affect life satisfaction, and it can also affect life satisfaction through self­esteem, while the meaning in life affects life satisfaction completely through self­esteem. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 347- [Abstract] ( 2730 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1038 KB)  ( 3941 ) 353 College students' subjective class positioning and its influencing factors CHEN Youqing, XU Jiang, WANG Wenjuan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.003 Objective　To investigate college students' subjective class orientation and confidence in class mobility, and explore its influencing factors.  Methods　A self­designed questionnaire was used to investigate 2 266 college students, in which the independent variables mainly included three dimensions: family economic status, social status perception, and personal sense of hope, while the dependent variable was subjective class orientation. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results　Most college students' current class orientation was concentrated in the middle and lower classes of society, while ten years later, their class orientation would be  mostly concentrated in the middle and upper classes of society. The confidence of class mobility was mainly based on upward short­distance mobility. In higher income families, college students had higher subjective class position and stronger class mobility confidence. With lower current class positioning, college students perceived higher degree of differentiation between the rich and the poor. With higher perceived degree of class differentiation, college students would have lower class positioning 10 years later. With higher sense of personal hope, college students had higher class positioning and stronger confidence in class mobility.  Conclusion　College students tend to position the current class in the middle and lower classes of society. The main direction of class mobility confidence is upward mobility, and the short­ and medium­distance mobility are the main ones. Family income level, perception of wealth differentiation, perception of class differentiation, and personal hope are important influencing factors for subjective class positioning. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 353- [Abstract] ( 2701 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (884 KB)  ( 1880 ) 358 Mobile phone addiction and academic procrastination of college students: moderated mediation model WANG Lijun, CHEN Yuan, WANG Danna, ZHANG Lan, HUA Xiaoyan, SONG Lijuan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.004 Objective　To explore the effect of mobile phone addiction on academic procrastination, and investigate the mediating role of self­control dual system and whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in this mediating process based on a dual system theory. Methods　The mobile phone addiction index (MPAI) scale, the procrastination assessment scale­students (PASS), the dual­mode of self­control scale (DMSC­S), and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire­Chinese version (CERQ­C) were administered to a sample of 458 students from a medical college. Results　Mobile phone addiction can significantly predict college students' academic procrastination (β＝0.434, P<0.001). The impulse system mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and academic procrastination (95%CI: 0.065－0.178). The effect estimate was 0.118 and the mediating effect accounted for 27.19% of the total effect. And the mediating effect of the control system did not reach statistical significance. The relationship between impulse system and procrastination was moderated by adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (INDEX＝0.045, 95%CI: 0.003－0.092). And the moderating effect of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion　Mobile phone addiction can affect academic procrastination through the impulse system and the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies can moderate the mediating model. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 358- [Abstract] ( 2831 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1339 KB)  ( 2307 ) 366 Influence of mini-clinical evaluation exercise on clinical ability of interns for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases HOU Lili, ZHANG Xingyi, GUO Haiying, ZHOU Xin, ZHANG Min DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.005 Objective　To evaluate the effect of mini­-clinical evaluation exercise (mini­CEX) on improving the clinical ability of interns for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Methods　Interns studying in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine of Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from March to December 2019 were divided into control group and mini­CEX group. The control group received conventional teaching training and the mini­CEX group received one mini­CEX besides conventional teaching. The comprehensive scores were compared before and after training. Results　The diagnosis and treatment scores after training for the interns significantly improved in both the control group and mini­CEX group. Compared to those in the control group, the medical history taking, physical examination, and diagnosis scores after training for the interns in the mini­CEX group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, the scores of expression, humanistic qualities and total scores were significantly higher in the  mini­CEX group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion　Application of mini­CEX could improve the competence of clinical diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases for interns. Mini­CEX should be actively promoted in the standardized training of interns. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 366- [Abstract] ( 2449 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (742 KB)  ( 1614 ) 370 Study on hand pre-writing skills in 5-6-year-old preschool children HE Yanlu, ZHANG Guangbao, LI Ting, HONG Qin, CHI Xia, TONG Meiling DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.006 Objective　To assess the development level of hand pre­writing skills in preschool children of 5­6­year­old, and provide evidence for early detection and early intervention of inadequate pre­writing skills. Methods　A total of 63 preschool children aged 5­6 years were selected by stratified random sampling method to evaluate hand manipulative skills, upper extremity force control and coordination, and hand strength. Results　Among  the 63 children, 24 were normal(38.1%). There were different degrees of development deficiencies in remainders. The abnormal detection rates of hand manipulative skills, upper extremity force control and coordination, right hand strength, and left hand strength were 3.17%, 11.11%, 0, and 1.59%, respectively. There was no significant difference in pre­writing skills between boys and girls(P＞0.05). Conclusion　Preschool children have different degrees of deficiencies of pre­writing skills, and the highest abnormal detection rate is in upper extremity force control and coordination, which need to pay attention. Targeted instruction and training to help improve hand pre­writing skills is necessary. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 370- [Abstract] ( 2706 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (742 KB)  ( 1941 ) 374 Analysis of correlation between children's control belief and their academic performance in higher grades in primary school LIU Yao, YOU Yueyuan, JIANG Minghao, CHEN Run DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.007 Objective　To study the relationship between children's academic achievement and their own control belief in higher grades in primary school, and provide reference for taking targeted measures to promote children's academic achievement. Methods　The children in higher grades in primary school were investigated by multi­dimentional measure of children's perceptions of control (MMCPC), and the relationship between control belief and academic achievement was analyzed. Results　There were significant differences between the dimensions and sources of children's control belief(P<0.05). Internal control in children's control belief significantly affected all aspects of children, among which cognition was the most important aspect of academic achievement. The internal control of the cognitive dimension was positively correlated with academic achievement. The influential others, unknown sources, and physical dimension were negatively correlated with academic achievement. Conclusion　Improving the attribution of children's internal control in higher grades in primary school is helpful to improve their academic achievement, especially the attribution of internal control in cognitive dimension. The decrease of control belief having powerful others, unknown source attribution, and physical dimension having powerful others attribution helps to improve academic performance. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 374- [Abstract] ( 2635 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (836 KB)  ( 1764 ) 378 Comparative study on psychological stress response of college students in early and control periods of COVID-19 epidemic SUN Hongli, ZHANG Tian DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.008 Objective　To understand the psychological stress response of  college students in the early and control periods of COVID­19 epidemic, and provide targeted psychological intervention strategies. Methods　Two surveys were conducted in early February (early period) and early March (control period), 2020. A total of 2 597 undergraduates from colleges and universities in Shanghai were selected. The self­designed questionnaire was used to conduct online questionnaire survey. Results　College students generally believed that the COVID­19 epidemic was serious (96.2% in the early period and 80.0% in the control period). Among respondents, 7.0% (early period) and 3.3% (control period) paid attention to the epidemic for more than 3 h  per day. The psychological state of college students was generally positive, optimistic and calm, but negative emotions such as tension and worry were also common. The vast majority of college students could actively choose one or more methods for self­psychological adjustment, and actively seek mental health counseling services and support. The main effects of the epidemic on individual physical and behavioral changes were irregular work and rest, insomnia, decreased appetite, and inattention. Compared with the control period, college students believed that the epidemic was more serious in the early period of the epidemic, and paid more attention to the epidemic every day (P<0.05). Conclusion　Strengthening the epidemic prevention and controlling publicity and providing psychological protection support can significantly enhance the psychological endurance of college students and improve their emotional state and physical discomfort. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 378- [Abstract] ( 2686 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (820 KB)  ( 1897 ) 384 Effects of psychological nursing intervention on detection of children's fractional exhaled nitric oxide LUAN Jiayan, LIU Quanhua, ZHENG Youhong, HUA Li, WANG Liwei DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.009 Objective　To explore effects of psychological nursing intervention on the detection of children's fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Methods　A total of 318 children who received FeNO test in Children's Respiratory and Asthma Clinic of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were randomly divided into observation group (n＝160) and control group (n＝158). The control group was tested according to the routine FeNO detection process, and the observation group was added with psychological nursing intervention in the routine FeNO detection process. The measurement time, number of crying, detection cooperation, completion rate, and parents' satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results　Compared with the control group, the observation group had a shorter completion time for FeNO detection (t＝27.895, P＜0.001), lesser crying (t＝33.421, P＜0.001), and higher rates of detection cooperation (χ2＝6.921, P＜0.01), completion (χ2＝10.973, P＜0.001) and parents' satisfaction (χ2＝7.604, P＜0.01). Conclusion　In the process of children's FeNO detection, psychological nursing intervention can relieve children's anxiety, shorten the measurement time, increase detection cooperation and completion, and improve the satisfaction of parents. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 384- [Abstract] ( 2642 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (793 KB)  ( 1599 ) 387 Study on accuracy of basal metabolic rate equations in  predicting adolescents' basal metabolic rates HAO Yingying, MA Xiaokai, ZHANG Lin, ZHU Zheng, CAO Zhenbo DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.010 Objective　To determine the accuracy of basal metabolic rate (BMR) equations in predicting basal metabolic rates of Chinese adolescents. Methods　Twenty­two participants aged 14－18 years were enrolled. The predicted BMRs were gained by revised Harris­Benedict equation, Kath­McArdle equation, Henry equation, Schofiled­1 equation, Schofield­2 equation, World Health Organization (WHO) equation, Muller equation, Herman equation, and Tverskaya equation. BMRs were measured in a 24­hour activity cycle in a metabolic chamber. Then, the difference and agreement were evaluated between the measured values and predicted values. Results　There were no significant differences between the predicted values of the revised Harris­Benedict and Tverskaya equations and the measured values in male adolescents(P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the predicted values of Kath­McArdle, Tverskaya, and Muller equations and the measured values in female adolescents(P>0.05). However, there was no agreement between measured values and predicted values by all equations according to the equivalence test. Conclusion　The accuracy of the BMR predictive equation established by fat­free body mass indicator is better than the BMR predictive equation established by indicators such as height, body mass, and age. The BMR predicted values of all equations are in poor agreement with the measured values. In the future, it is necessary to establish predicted equations of BMR for Chinese adolescents based on a large sample population. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 387- [Abstract] ( 3132 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1224 KB)  ( 4071 ) 393 Research on professional identity and psychological resilience of college nursing students during prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic WANG Qiongfang, WANG Ting, LU Weixin, XU Yan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.011 Objective　To explore the level and influencing factors of professional identity and psychological resilience of college nursing students during the prevention and control of COVID­19 epidemic. Methods　In April 2020, 425 nursing students (undergraduates)in a private university in Shanghai were surveyed with the general information questionnaire, the professional identity questionnaire and the Connor­Davidson resilience scale(CD­RISC). Results　The total scores of professional identity and psychological resilience of the 425 nursing students were 60.84±11.27 and 25.17±6.54 with significantly positive correlation between them(P<0.05). Results of the univariate analysis showed that the score of professional identity was related to the students' grade, in or not­in the pilot class, academic performance, admission intention to major, liking or un­liking nursing major, having or not having social practice experience, and future employment intention(P<0.05). The score of psychological resilience was related to the students' gender, academic performance, being or not being student leader, admission intention to major, liking or un­liking nursing major, having or not having social practice experience, future employment intention, and having or not having medical staff among their relatives(P<0.05). Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological resilience, preference for nursing major, future employment intention, grade, and gender could explain the 52.1% of variation in nursing students' professional identity; professional identity, gender, academic performance, being or not being student leader, future employment intention, and social practice experience could explain the 41.2% of variation of psychological resilience of nursing students. Conclusion　During the prevention and control of COVID­19 epidemic, the professional identity score of college nursing students was at medium level, higher than the domestic norm. The psychological resilience score was at medium level too, and there was no statistically significant difference from the domestic norm. There was still much room for improvement. Professional identity and psychological resilience were positively correlated and affected each other, and both were affected by multiple factors. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 393- [Abstract] ( 2839 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (857 KB)  ( 4104 )        Review 401 Bilingual effect caused by second language learning and its cognitive neural mechanism LIU Yi, JIAO Jiangli, LI Lili, ZHAO Yi DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.012 The influence of second language learning experience on individual cognition is called bilingual effect, among which, the promotion of individual cognitive development is called bilingual advantage effect, and the deficiency of bilingualism in cognition is called bilingual disadvantage effect. This paper expounds the expression of the two effects in specific experiments, and analyzes the essence of bilingual advantage effect from the perspective of inhibition control in cognitive process from both macro­ and micro­aspects. Furthermore, through the review of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)and event­related potential(ERP)in recent years, the cognitive neural mechanism of bilingual dominance effect is analyzed. Finally, this paper analyzes the relationship between second language learning experience and emotional attention bias, and designs the possibility of future research. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 401- [Abstract] ( 2737 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1135 KB)  ( 2290 ) 407 Implement and enlightenment of American preschool inclusion for  children with autism LI Yanwei, ZHUANG Luanwen, YUAN Zongjin, LI Wangwang, DING Kehan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.013 Under the influence of inclusive education, it is more and more popular that young children with autism are encouraged to be included in the mainstream education. The United States of America, a worldwide leader of inclusion, has made great progress. Thus, the current research reviewed the effectiveness and educational strategies in U. S. preschool inclusion for children with autism, and concluded with a discussion of enlightenment in this field for China. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 407- [Abstract] ( 3086 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (757 KB)  ( 3669 ) 413 Advances in imaging studies on neural mechanism of Tourette's syndrome ZHOU Yifang, SUN Kexing, WANG Xuefeng DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.014 Tourette syndrome(TS)is a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Its pathophysiology is still unclear. In recent years, imaging research has gradually pointed to the cortico­striato­thalamo­cortical(CSTC)circuit. The applications of positron emission tomography(PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), and functional near­infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)provide an objective basis for elucidating the neurophysiological mechanism of TS. This article reviews the changes of CSTC circuit in TS patients from the perspective of structure and functional neuroimaging. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 413- [Abstract] ( 2488 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2158 KB)  ( 1587 ) 418 Bottleneck and prospect of brain-computer interface technology in classroom teaching LIU Xinyu, WANG Dongyun, XIE Hang DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2021.05.015 Application of brain­computer interface(BCI)to classroom teaching has been reported, but it has many application bottlenecks in terms of technology maturity, cognitive biases, ethical issues, and institutional guarantees in classroom teaching. In­depth research is needed to find ways to crack them. Classroom teaching is about acquiring knowledge, and the essence of acquiring knowledge is to improve the level of brain cognition. Although the BCI has limited changes in mainstream teaching methods, it has broad application prospects in teaching aids such as classroom teaching quality evaluation, teaching method effect measurement, learning style discrimination, mental state monitoring, and educational entertainment. Therefore, combining the BCI technology with existing teaching methods will increase student learning motivation and improve learning efficiency in the classroom in  future. 2021 Vol. 9 (5): 418- [Abstract] ( 2590 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3096 KB)  ( 2200 )

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