JOURNAL OF BIO-EDUCATION

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2016 Vol. 4, No. 2 Published: 2016-06-30

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	53	Review on altruistic behavior in children with autistic spectrum disorder
		JING Jin, LIU Buyun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.001
		Altruism plays an important role in human’s social interaction, which suggests that altruistic behavior is crucial in detecting the social disability in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Behavioral research supports that children with ASD behaved unusually in making altruistic decision. However, its mechanisms are still unclear. Cognitive dysfunction, social motivational deficit and different experimental paradigms may all have a effect on altruistic decision making in children with ASD.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 53- [Abstract] ( 1772 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1296 KB) ( 1292 )

Article

	57	Effect of prepregnancy risk factors on miscarriage: a prospective study
		HUO Xiaona, YANG Yulin, HUANG Hong, ZHANG Jun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.002
		Objective To probe the relation of female and male prepregnancy risk factors to miscarriage. Methods We followed up 6 319 couples who had a prepregnancy health examination in 2012 in 8 districts in Shanghai. A multivariable Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between prepregnancy risk factors and miscarriage. Results In women, hepatitis B surface antibody negative ［adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9，95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.3］, history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.7）, history of spontaneous abortion (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-4.0), family history of diabetes (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5), and 3rd degree leucorrhea cleanliness (aOR 1.6，95% CI 1.0-2.7) increased the risk of miscarriage. In men, hepatitis B surface antibody negative (aOR 2.2，95% CI 1.3-3.9), exposure to heavy metals (aOR 3.3，95% CI 1.1-9.7), and interpersonal tension (aOR 2.3，95% CI 1.1-4.5) increased the risk of miscarriage of their wives. Conclusion Couples’ prepregnancy diseases history, contact with harmful substances and other prepregnancy risk factors increase the risk of spontaneous abortion.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 57- [Abstract] ( 1353 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (742 KB) ( 1068 )

	64	Relationships between social anxiety and adjustment in childhood: mediating role of emotion-focused coping strategies
	Relationships between social anxiety and adjustment in childhood: mediating role of emotion-focused coping strategies[J]. JOURNAL OF BIO-EDUCATION, 2016,4(2): 64-')" href="#">	YANG Panpan，LIU Junsheng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.003
		Objective To explore the associations between social anxiety and children’s adjustment and the potential mediating effect of emotion-focused coping strategies. Methods A sample of 594 students from grade four to six was administrated with social anxiety scale for children-revised （SASC-r）, self-report coping scale（SCS）, childhood depression inventory （CDI）, and peer nominations. The head teachers completed the teacher-child rating scale （TCRS） to evaluate children’s school competence. Results ① Gender differences were found in social anxiety, depression, peer preference and school competence. Girls had higher scores on social anxiety, peer preference and school competence, but lower scores on depression. ② Social anxiety was positively associated with emotion-focused coping strategies and depression, but negatively associated with peer preference and school competence. ③ The relationships between social anxiety and adjustment variables were mediated by emotion-focused coping strategies partially, the mediating effects were 34%, 64%, and 55%, respectively. Conclusion Emotion-focused coping strategies play an important role in the relationships between social anxiety and children’s adjustment.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 64- [Abstract] ( 1790 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (681 KB) ( 1707 )

	70	Effects of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on female rats reproductive function
	Effects of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on female rats reproductive function[J]. JOURNAL OF BIO-EDUCATION, 2016,4(2): 70-')" href="#">	WEI Zhenzhen, CHEN Weiwei, WANG Lei, YU Xiaodan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.004
		Objective To study the effect of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on the function of reproduction of SD rats. Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old SD female rats, weighting 200-220 g, were divided into two groups randomly: control group and vitamin D deficiency group. The rats in control group were fed control forage, and those in vitamin D deficiency group were fed forage without vitamin D. After 4 weeks, female rats were caged together with male rats. Serum vitamin D levels were measured on the 11th day of pregnancy by LC-MS-MS, and reproduction experiments were carried out after childbirth. Results The maternal serum vitamin D levels of vitamin D deficiency group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The serum vitamin D levels in control group were (22.65±2.50) ng/mL，and those in vitamin D deficiency group were (6.65±1.86) ng/mL(P<0.05). In the vitamin D deficiency group, the number of live births per litter was significantly decreased (8.90±4.47 in vitamin D deficiency group and 12.63±2.98 in control group). By contrast, the number of stillbirths per litter was significantly increased (2.10±1.93 in vitamin D deficiency group and 0.00±0.00 in control group). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can impair reproductive function.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 70- [Abstract] ( 1487 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (505 KB) ( 1131 )

	74	Pilot study on screening for ADHD by partnership between medicine and education
		YANG You，ZHONG Xiangyang，ZHANG Li，LUO Jing，BAO Yuanjun，SUN Pu，JIN Xingming
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.005
		Objective To improve the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by adding the children’s information from teachers in school. Methods A total of 498 students of grade three were selected in five primary schools in Zhabei district of Shanghai. Their parents and teachers were requested to answer the questionnaires of SNAP-Ⅳ for ADHD screening. Results At the cutoff >1, the overall positive rate of parent group was higher than that of teachers, and there was a significant difference between the attention deficit only and the mixed group (P<0.05). Further, ninety-one (18.27%) questionnaires were positive for parents only (46 boys, 45 girls). Forty-two (8.43%) questionnaires were positive for teachers only (31 boys, 11 girls). Ninety-six (19.28%) questionnaires were positive for both teachers and parents (72 boys, 24 girls). There were significant differences between parents and teachers in both attention deficit and hyperactivity on SNAP-Ⅳ questionnaire. There were significant sex differences in teachers subgroup for both teachers and parents positive group. Conclusion There is an obvious difference between parents and teachers to provide behavioral symptoms. At the same time, parents and teachers should have different positive cutoff of SNP-Ⅳ. We should have a faculty report. The combination of education and medicine will make the diagnosis of ADHD more perfect.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 74- [Abstract] ( 1732 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (504 KB) ( 1400 )

	79	Relationship between symptoms of ADHD and health-risky behaviors among college students
		YUAN Yuan, SHI Huijing, XIA Zhijuan, ZHANG Zhe, TONG Lian
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.006
		Objective To investigate the symptom level of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among college students and its associations with risky behaviors of smoking, drinking, and unhealthy sexual behavior. Methods By using purposive sampling of cluster-randomization, 1 964 college students participated an anonymous questionnaire survey, and 1 891 participants (96.3%) provided valid data about their ADHD symptoms and targeted health-risky behaviors. Results The prevalence rate of ADHD positive symptoms was 7.8%, with 8.7% in males and 7.6% in females. Compared to those with negative symptoms, self-reported rates of smoking, drinking, and unhealthy sexual behaviors were significantly higher in those with positive symptoms. After controlling the confounding effects of school, age, parents’ education level, self-perceived family economic status, social support, and stressors in daily study and life, positive ADHD symptom was a significant risk factor for the behaviors of “ever smoking”, “current smoking” in females, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) being 3.03 (1.50, 6.15) and 2.42 (1.06, 5.53), “unprotected sexual behavior” in males being 2.29 (1.25, 4.18), “current alcoholism” being 2.31 (1.31, 4.09) in males and 2.28 (1.13, 4.59) in females, respectively. Conclusion The effects of ADHD towards unhealthy behaviors like substance use and unhealthy sexual practices could not be ignored in college aged population.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 79- [Abstract] ( 1885 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (659 KB) ( 1709 )

	85	Dietary behavior and influencing factors of adolescents in Jiading District of Shanghai
		DONG Yuting, ZHANG Qin, SUN Sifei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.007
		Objective To investigate the dietary behavior and influencing factors of adolescents in Jiading District in order to provide references for intervention. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted on dietary behavior and influencing factors of 1 384 students in 4 schools in Jiading District of Shanghai. Results It was found that 20.3% of students drank beverage every day, 12.1% often ate desserts, 34.0% usually had western snacks, 64.0% took breakfast every day, 39.7% often consumed dairy products, 30.0% ate fruits every day, and 60.8% had vegetables every day. Conclusion Unfavorable dietary behavior commonly exists in adolescents, and various types of health education should be carried out for the better dietary behavior of adolescents.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 85- [Abstract] ( 1746 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (523 KB) ( 1607 )

Review

	90	Advances of longitudinal studies on refractive development of children and adolescents
		YOU Xiaofang, XIE Jingbo, TAN Hui, HE Xiangui, PU Zhenmei, XU Xiaoli, WANG Ling
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.008
		Refractive error of children and adolescents is one of the major public health problems in the world. Longitudinal study is beneficial to understand the nature of refractive error. It has been suggested that children and adolescents from different areas present various characteristics of refractive development. This paper reviews longitudinal studies on refractive development and compares current situations and advances of refractive development in the multi-centers all over the world, which provides scientific basis for prevention of refractive error.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 90- [Abstract] ( 1793 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (493 KB) ( 1449 )

	96	Research review and prospects on relationship between creativity and intelligence
		XU Xiaobo
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2016.02.009
		Creativity and intelligence are two important concepts in the field of psychology research. This paper first reviews theoretical models and empirical evidence on the relationship between creativity and intelligence. Then, a number of factors that may affect the association between creativity and intelligence have been proposed, including but not limited to: tests and indicators of creativity, instruments and indicators of intelligence, baseline of participants’ intelligence, and data analysis methods. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the relationship between creativity and intelligence from more precise dimensions, examine how intelligence affect the cognitive process of creative thinking, and test the interaction effect between intelligence and episodic memory, emotion, and personality on creativity.
		2016 Vol. 4 (2): 96- [Abstract] ( 1481 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (568 KB) ( 1186 )

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