Abstract：Objective To compare the attention and behavior development of school-aged children in Kirgiz nationality and Han nationality. Methods One hundred and ninety-seven students in Kirgiz nationality aged from 7 to 12 years in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected，and were divided into 7 - 8 years old group（n = 65），9 - 10 years old group（n = 66）and 11 - 12 years old group（n = 66）. Another 214 students in Han nationality aged from 7 to 12 years in Jiangsu Province were also selected，with 73 in 7 - 8 years old group，78 in 9 - 10 years old group and 66 in 11 - 12 years old group. Continuous performance test（CPT）was used to detect the reaction time，accuracy and number of falsity，and the behavior of children was assessed by using child bebavior checklist（CBCL）. Results The reaction time in 7 - 8 years old group in Kirgiz nationality was significantly slower than that in 7 - 8 years old group in Han nationality（P < 0.05），the accuracy in 9 - 10 years old group in Kirgiz nationality was significantly lower than that in 9 - 10 years old group in Han nationality（P < 0.05），and all the numbers of falsity in different age groups in Kirgiz nationality were significantly more than those in corresponding age groups in Han nationality（P < 0.05）. The results of CBCL assessment indicated that the factors of hyperactivity and violation of discipline in students in Kirgiz nationality were significantly more than those in Han nationality（P < 0.05），and there was no significant difference in the factor of aggressivity between two nationalities（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The endogenous development of nervous system of children in Kirgiz nationality and Han nationality are basically kept into balance. Compared with children in Han nationality，children aged 9 to 10 years in Kirgiz nationality are more likely to inattention，children of all age groups in Kirgiz nationality have weaker anti-interference and impulse-inhibited ability，and have more behavioral problems in the aspects of hyperactivity and violation of discipline.
