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2024 Vol. 12, No. 2
Published: 2024-03-30
Review
Article
Forum
Forum
85
Application and challenges of magnetic resonance imaging in childhood brain development
GUI Yiding, SUN Xiaoning, WANG Guanghai, JIANG Fan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.001
Childhood is a critical stage of brain development, so exploring the patterns and related influencing factors of brain development during this stage is of great significance. With the development of brain imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the preferred imaging method for children. This paper reviewed different MRI modalities (structural and functional MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and roles of related brain imaging indicators in revealing the developmental patterns of children’s brain, and indicated current challenges of MRI studies in children.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 85- [
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Investigation and analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior of primary and middle school students in Chongming District, Shanghai
TAO Jing, ZHU Meiwen, HAN Xiaoli, ZHOU Xuan, LI Xin, YUAN Haiyan, GUO Haibin, DU Qing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.002
Objective
To investigate the physical activity and sedentary behavior of primary and middle school students in Chongming District, Shanghai, and analyze the influencing factors.
Methods
By using multi-stage stratified random sampling method, 1 914 students were selected from grade four in primary schools and senior grade inhigh schools（including ordinary high school and vocational high school）in Chongming District to conduct the survey. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, family socio-economic status, and learning and living conditions were collected. The relevant data were statistically analyzed.
Results
Among the students, 10.3% had at least 1 h of moderate-to-high intensity physical activity per day, 70.7% were sedentary for more than 6 h per day, and 30.3% had more than 1 h ofscreen time per day. Compared with primary school students, ordinary high school students（OR=0.415）had less physical activity. Male students（OR=1.521）, students who had weekend physical activity ≥1 h/d（OR=7.236）, physical education ≥ 3 sessions per week（OR=2.368）, outdoor exercise ≥2 h/d（OR=1.468）, and remedial classes ≤2 h/d（OR=1.921）had morephysical activity. Compared with primary school students, junior high school students（OR=0.239）, ordinary high school students（OR=0.189）, and vocational high school students（OR=0.455）spent more time on sedentary behavior and screen using. Malestudents（OR=1.341）spent less time on sedentary behavior and more time on screen（OR=0.775）than girls. Boarding student（OR=0.512）and students whose father had higher educational background（OR=0.533）spent more time on screen. Students who had moderate-to-intense physical activity ≥ 1 h/d on weekend（OR=1.366）and physical education ≥3 sessions per week（OR=1.604）spent less time on screen.
Conclusion
Sedentary behavior and a lack of moderate-to-intense physical activity are prevalent among primary and middle school students in Chongming District, Shanghai. The emphasis should be on older students, female students, and boarding students. Our school and government should increase the number of sports facilities on campus, strengthen health science popularization, and promote the healthy physical and mental development of primary and middle school students.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 92- [
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101
Exploration of traditional Chinese medicine constitution identification and care for children aged 0-3 years
SHENG Xiaojing, ZENG Hui, SUN Lei, YIN Qin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.003
Objective
Under combining the concept of“to treat diseases before they occur”in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）, to add elements of TCM constitution identification in infant feeding, and carry out TCM constitution adjustment.
Methods
Children aged 0-3 years who underwent health examination at the Department of Children’s Health Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2022 to January 2023 were conducted TCM constitution identification, and targeted feeding guidance and physical care programs were proposed.
Results
Among 292 children, 165 had mild constitution（56.5%）and 127 had biased constitution（43.5%）. The 127 children with biased constitution mainly included dampness stagnation constitution, indigestion constitution, and heterogeneous natural endowment constitution. Qi deficiency, effulgent heart fire constitution, and Yang abundance constitution accounted for less. The children with biased constitution received feeding guidance and constitution adjustment.
Conclusion
Children aged 0-3 years mainly have mild constitution. Feeding guidance and regulating the spleen and stomach of children with biased constitution have positive significance in the intervention and management to their sub health.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 101- [
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105
Effect of internet gaming disorder on identifying emotional faces
LI Xiang, MENG Chunliu, CHEN Shujuan, CHEN Gongxiang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.004
Objective
To explore the effects of internet gaming disorder on emotional face valence and intensity recognition.
Methods
An emotional face recognition paradigm was used to examine whether there was emotional face recognition bias in internet gaming disorder individuals from standard emotion recognition and micro-expression recognition, respectively. For experiment 1 , the differences between internet gaming disorder subjects and non-internet gaming disorder subjects in recognizing different emotional valences were compared by using emotional face valence recognition paradigm. For the experiment 2 , the differences between the two groups under different emotional intensities were compared by using emotional face intensity recognition paradigm.
Results
The reaction time of the subjects for recognizing positive emotions was significantly shorter than those for recognizing neutral and negative emotions, and the correct rates for recognizing positive and negative emotions were significantly higher than those for neutral emotions. As the intensity of the emotions changed, the subjects still showed a preference for recognizing positive emotions. The internet gaming disorder subjects had a higher accuracy in recognizing positive emotions compared to non-internet gaming disorder subjects.
Conclusion
Internet gaming disorder individuals do not show significant impairments in recognizing standard emotional stimuli, but the individuals show a stronger bias toward reward-seeking stimuli in recognizing micro-expressions.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 105- [
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112
Relations among perfectionism, self-esteem, and mobile phone dependence in college students
MA Song, GONG Lijie, WEN Min, LIU Mengmeng, LIU Yushi, LAN Jile
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.005
Objective
To explore the relations among perfectionism, self-respect, and mobile phone dependence in college students, and provide new perspective for the prevention and correction of college students’ mobile phone dependence.
Methods
A convenient sampling method was adopted to select 202 college students. Positive and negative perfectionism scale, self-esteem scale, and college students’ mobile phone dependence questionnaire were used in the survey. The relevant data were statistically analyzed.
Results
The total score of negative perfectionism significantly positively correlated with the total score of mobile phone dependence, but significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem score. The total score of positive perfectionism significantly positively correlated with self-esteem score, but did not significantly correlate with the total score of mobile phone dependence. There was a significantly negative correlation between self-esteem and mobile phone dependence. The structural equation model showed that negative perfectionism had positive prediction function on mobile phone dependence, and self-esteem played a partial mediating role in it.
Conclusion
Negative perfectionism of college students can directly predict mobile phone dependence, as well as predict mobile phone dependence through self-esteem.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 112- [
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Latent profile analysis of adolescents’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy
YANG Ying, HUO Lijiao, ZENG Chengwei, ZHANG Anqi, ZENG Yixin, SUN Furong, XIONG Sicheng, ZHANG Bin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.006
Objective
To explore the latent classification of adolescents’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and provide a theoretical basis of precise counseling measures for different groups.
Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 267 adolescents with the regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale, the interpersonal adaptation scale, and the test of mobile phone dependence scale（Chinese version）. The categories and characteristics of regulatory emotional self-efficacy among adolescents were discussed by latent profile analysis. The differences of latent profiles in demographic variables, interpersonal relationship adaptation, and mobile phone dependence were analyzed.
Results
Adolescents’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy could be divided into three latent profiles: outgoing irritable group（40.7%）, introverted sensitive group（21.5%）, and positive efficacy group（37.8%）. Compared with the positive efficacy group, there weremore females in the outgoing irritable group（P<0.001）. There were significant differences in the scores of mobile phone dependence and interpersonal adaptation in the three latent profiles（P<0.001）.
Conclusion
There is group heterogeneity in adolescents’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Females are more likely to be classified into the outgoing irritable group and the risk of mobile phone dependence is higher in the outgoing irritable group. The interpersonal adaptation in the introverted sensitive group is worse.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 116- [
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Exploration and practice of nervous system course for pediatrics specialty based on integration mode
YANG Hongrong, LIN Qian, WANG Lianwen, NIU Xiaoyin, CHEN Yiqi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.007
Objective
To explore the construction of nervous system course of pediatrics specialty based on the integrated medical mode of single circulation organ system.
Methods
From June to July 2021 , the course“nervous system and disease”of pediatrics specialty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was selected as the research object. The curriculum system and curriculum design were evaluated to analyze the advantages and challenges of integrated curriculum construction of pediatrics major based on integrated medical mode.
Results
The course“nervous system and disease”integrated the relevant multi-disciplinary contents to construct the curriculum system with organ system as the clue. It emphasized the student-centered learning mode, enriched the teaching forms, increased the proportion of regular assessment, and paid attention to the cultivation of students’ competence.
Conclusion
The integrated course based on single circulation organ system integration strengthens the cultivation of pediatric students’ competence, which is the development trend of pediatric medical education. In the follow-up, we should do a good job in curriculum evaluation and feedback and make continuous improvement.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 121- [
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Relationship between maternal emotional stability and adolescent psychological capital: a moderated mediation model
LIU Shuzhang, CHEN Yiwen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.008
Objective
To explore the antecedents of adolescent psychological capital and its influencing mechanism.
Methods
A total of 312 middle school students aged 11-17 years were measured with the Chinese version of emotionalstability scale（ESS）, inventory of parent and peer attachment（IPPA）sub-questionnaire of mother-child attachment, the Chinese version of positive psycap questionnaire（PPQ）, and family socioeconomic status scale. The relevant data were statistically analyzed.
Results
Maternal emotional stability had a significantly positive predictive effect on adolescentpsychological capital（P< 0 .001）. Mother-child attachment partially mediated the relationship between the emotional stability of mothers and the psychological capital of adolescents. The family socioeconomic status played a regulatory role between the emotional stability of mothers and the psychological capital of adolescents. When the family socioeconomic status was high, the emotional stability of mothers had a strong role in promoting the psychological capital of adolescents.
Conclusion
The emotional stability of mothers can not only directly affect the psychological capital of adolescents, but also indirectly affect the psychological capital of adolescents through mother-child attachment. Family socioeconomic status regulates the direct effect of emotional stability of mothers on the psychological capital of adolescents.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 126- [
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Relations between active coping and professional self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students: mediating role of social support and professional identity
ZHAI Yuelin, PAN Guanghua
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.009
Objective
To explore the relations between active coping and professional self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students, and understand the intermediary role of perceived social support and professional identity.
Methods
A total of 945 undergraduate nursing students were investigated with simple coping style scale, perceived social support scale, professional identity scale of nursing students, and professional self-efficacy scale. The relevant data were statistically analyzed.
Results
There were significant differences in active coping, perceived social support, and professional identity among different grades, and in perceived social support between genders. The active coping, perceived social support, professional identity, and professional self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students were pairwise positively correlated. Active coping positively predicted career self-efficacy. Perceived social support and professional identity had significant mediating effects between active coping and professional self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. The chain mediating effect of perceived social support and professional identity was significant.
Conclusion
Active coping of undergraduate nursing students can directly affect their professional self-efficacy. Active coping affects professional self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students by perceived social support or professional identity individually, and also by chain effect of perceived social support and professional identity.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 132- [
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Influence of teachers’ teaching behavior on college students’ learning input in professional courses: mediating role of professional satisfaction
CHEN Jingyi, CHEN Xue
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.010
Objective
To explore the relations among teachers’teaching behavior, college students’professional satisfaction, and college students’ learning input and its mechanism, and improve the level of college students’ learning input.
Methods
A total of 208 college students were investigated with college students’ professional satisfaction scale, learning input scale, and teachers’ teaching behavior scale. The relations among the variables and the possible mediating effect were analyzed.
Results
The results of regression analysis showed that the teaching design, direct guidance, and learning evaluation in teachers’ teaching behavior were significantly positively correlated with college students’ learning input. The results of intermediary model test showed that teachers’ teaching behavior directly affected students’ learning input, and indirectly affected students’ learning input by influencing students’ professional satisfaction. Professional satisfaction played a partly intermediary role between teachers’ teaching behavior and college students’ learning input.
Conclusion
Good teachers’ teaching behavior can significantly enhance college students’ learning input, and universities and teachers should pay more attention to the influence of teachers’ teaching behavior on college students’ learning input.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 138- [
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Analysis of
status quo
of sleep duration of middle school students in Hongkou District, Shanghai and influencing factors
QI Deyun, SUN Lijing, JIANG Yanwei, ZHOU Yuan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.011
Objective
To investigate the sleeping time status and influencing factors of middle school students in Hongkou District of Shanghai.
Methods
Five middle schools（2 middle schools, 2 senior high schools, and 1 vocationalhigh school）in Hongkou District were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method. Each school was stratified by grade level, and at least 80 students in each grade were randomly selected to carry out the survey in the whole class. A total of 1 309 students were selected for physical examination and questionnaire survey. The relevant data were statistically analyzed.
Results
The average daily sleep time of middle school students in Hongkou District was 7.33 h, and the rate of insufficient sleep was 75.3%. The rate of insufficient sleep in boys（71.9%）was significantly lower than that in girls（79.2%）（χ
2
=9.293, P<0.01）. The rates of insufficient sleep in students of middle school, senior high school, and vocationalhigh school were 77.4 %, 83.0 %, and 55.2%, respectively. There were significant differences among them（χ
2
=74.796, P<0.001）. Multivariate analysis showed that students with depressive symptoms, using mobile device every day, doing homework ≥ 3 h/d after school, and attending cultural tutoring classes ≥ 3 h in the past week had higher risk of insufficient sleep, but vocational high school students and students who watched TV ≥ 1 h/d and < 2 h/d had a lower risk of insufficient sleep.
Conclusion
The rate of insufficient sleep of middle school students in Hongkou District was higher. It is necessary to strengthen health education of sleep hygiene, focus on students with depressive symptoms and excessive use of mobile devices, and reduce the academic burden and extracurricular tutoring class burden.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 143- [
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Review
149
Progress of machine learning in early screening of autism spectrum disorders among infants and toddlers
ZHU Hongrui, ZHANG Hua, REN Shan, MEI Yuan, XIAO Gui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.012
The onset of autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is in early childhood. Early screening of ASD among infants and toddlers is the key to implement early intervention and improve prognosis. With the continuous development of information technology and medical informatization, the application of machine learning to early screening of ASD among infants and toddlers has attracted much attention and has shown its unique advantages. This paper reviews the research progress of machine learning in early screening of ASD among infants and toddlers, which aims to systematically understand the development trend and reflect the existing shortcomings, so as to provide reference for promoting early screening of ASD among infants and toddlers.
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Advances in psycho-social pathogenic factors of adolescent borderline personality disorder
LYU Tingting, CHEN Taona
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.013
Borderline personality disorder（BPD）is a common personality disorder and an important developmental problem for adolescents. The etiology of BPD is very complex, and lots of studies have focused on the psycho-social pathogenic factors of BPD. This review describes the relationship between psycho-social factors such as family nurturing environment, major traumatic experiences, and cognitive schema deviation and the onset of adolescent BPD, aims to provide useful knowledge contribution and suggestions for relevant researchers and practitioners, provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of adolescent BPD, and promote the healthy growth of adolescents.
2024 Vol. 12 (2): 154- [
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Application of eye movement technique to children with developmental dyslexia
WANG Na, TONG Meiling
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2024.02.014
Developmental dyslexia is a learning disorder that significantly affects children’s reading skills, leading to low reading ability and serious impacts on their physical and mental health as well as long-term development. Eye movement technique can objectively analyze the reading process and cognitive characteristics of readers by capturing eye movement information during reading. This paper provides a review of the application of eye movement technique to study the pathogenesis and cognitive features of developmental dyslexia, aiming to provide theoretical basis for early identification and intervention for children with developmental dyslexia.
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