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2019 Vol. 7, No. 3
Published: 2019-09-30
Review
Article
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129
Orthodox and development of sandplay therapy
HUANG Xiaofan, CHEN Shunsen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.001
Since sandplay therapy was originated by Dora M. Kalff, with its development and innovation, sandplay therapy has been meeting the doubt whether it is orthodox or not due to the different theoretical background and ideas of therapists. The “mother-child unity” , the “free and protected space”, the “silent witnessing” attitude, the individualization process, the equipment and the implementing can be regarded as the orthodox marks of Kalffian sandplay therapy，in the practice of sandplay therapy. The best application of sandplay therapy is that the therapists should combine Kalffian basic viewpoints with their personality, according to the standard for which the therapy meets the clinical needs and helps to heal psyche. Only in this way can we better promote the development of sandplay therapy.
2019 Vol. 7 (3): 129- [
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134
Characteristics and effect factors of family function about autism spectrum disorder children
Lü Tao, YANG Caohua, DU Yasong, LIU Wenwen
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.002
Objective
To explore the characteristics of family function about the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.
Methods
Parents of ASD children completed the general demographic questionnaire, family assessment device (FAD), and parenting stress index (PSI).
Results
① The differences of all the subscales of FAD scores were not statistically significant (P＞0.05) among parents of male and female ASD children，and preschool and school-age ASD children. ② The family functions of problem solving, roles, behavior control, and general functioning in the higher income group were significantly better than those in the lower income group (P＜0.01); and affective responsiveness in the higher income group was significantly better than that in the lower income group (P=0.012). ③ The family function was negatively correlated with parental years of education, household income, and the time of father accompany for children, but positively correlated with total stress score and life events. The family function was mainly affected by mother,s years of education and total stress score.
Conclusion
There are defects of the family function in the upbringing of children with ASD, the family function in the higher income group is better than that in the lower income group, and the family function is effected by family income. The bigger the parents pressure is, the worse the family function will be.
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138
Effect of depression on adolescent mobile phone addiction: mediating role of loneliness
Effect of depression on adolescent mobile phone addiction: mediating role of loneliness[J]. JOURNAL OF BIO-EDUCATION, 2019,7(3): 138-')" href="#">
WU Qin, ZHANG Bin, ZOU Hehui
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.003
Objective
To explore the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between depression and adolescent mobile phone addiction.
Methods
The mobile phone addiction index scale (MPAI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale, and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used in a questionnaire survey of 1 707 adolescents (792 junior middle and high school students, 886 college students, and 29 not mentioned grades).
Results
① There was no difference in the gender homogenization and grade level of adolescents, mobile phone addiction. Mobile phone addicts scored higher in the out-of-control and avoidance dimensions, and the out-of dimensions were significantly different in gender and age. Abstinence, inefficiency, and evasion dimensions were only significantly different in grade. ② Gender had main effect on escape dimension of mobile phone addiction, while grade had main effect on four dimensions of escape, runaway, abstinence, and inefficiency, and gender and grade had interaction on runaway dimension. ③ Loneliness, depression, and mobile addiction were significantly positively correlated. ④ Loneliness played an intermediary role in the relationship between depression and mobile phone addiction. The mediating effect accounted for 28.7% of the total effect.
Conclusion
Loneliness and depression are important factors affecting young people,s mobile phone addiction. Teenagers should be given more care and support and the experience of adolescent loneliness and the tendency of depression should be reduced, in order to prevent teenagers from relying on mobile phones to become addicted and endanger their physical and mental health.
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144
Case-control study of preterm and full-term preschool children height in Pudong New Area, Shanghai
MO Dandan, WANG Tingxue, ZHANG Hao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.004
Objective
To find out the growth status of preterm delivery children in Pudong New Area, Shanghai and to explore the height difference between preterm and full-term preschool children and its influencing factors.
Methods
A multi-level stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the height status of 168 preterm infants in Pudong New Area. The height and environmental factors of the children were obtained through questionnaires and physical measurements. At the same time, 168 full-term infants were matched 1∶1 according to the same target height interval, age and gender as the control group.
Results
The preschool height of preterm infants in Pudong New Area was obviously lower than that of full-term infants. There were significant differences in eating status, picky eating, and eating speed between preberm and full-term children.
Conclusion
The height of preterm infants in preschool is still obviously lower than that of full-term infants. Scientific feeding methods and good eating habits of preterm infants should be strengthened.
2019 Vol. 7 (3): 144- [
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149
Medical-educational combination intervention model for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ZHANG Xiaolin, ZHANG Yiwen, MA Jun, WU Zengqiang, MA Zhenzhen, WANG Hui, ZHANG Qina
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.005
Objective
To study the intervention model of cooperation in medical services and school health systems to care for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)children,s mental health.
Methods
Schools with medical-educational combination were selected as the intervention group. Besides medication, they got individualized interventions, such as group play therapy, behavior therapy, language therapy, and trainings about ADHD knowledge for school teachers and parents with ADHD children. The control group was ADHD patients from our clinic. Children with ADHD in the control group only got routine treatment and follow-up in our clinic. Treatment time was 8 weeks. The Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version Ⅳ (SNAP-Ⅳ) scale,strengths and difficulties questionnaire, self-esteem scale, and school achievement questionnaire(teacher version) were reassessed at the end of the intervention. Through self-control and comparing to the control group, the statistical analysis of the results was condcucted.
Results
After the intervention, the hyperactivity/impulsivity, attention deficit, and behavioral problems of the ADHD children in the intervention group and the control group before and after treatment were significantly improved. Compared with the control group, these symptoms as mentioned above were improved more significantly in the intervention group (P<0.05). In the intervention group, the oppositional defiance, total psychological behavior problems, self-esteem, and academic performance of ADHD children were significantly improved (P<0.05), while in the control group no improvement was observed (P>0.05).
Conclusion
The model of cooperation in medical services and school health systems to care for ADHD children,s mental health in Shanghai is feasible and effective.
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156
Effect of guiding parents' intervention on social orienting of infants with autism
ZHENG Rong, ZHANG Min, YANG Lei, CHI Xia, TONG MeiLing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.006
Objective
To explore the influence of parents, intervention model on social orienting of autistic infants and to provide effective measures for early intervention of infants with autism.
Methods
Thirty-two parents of autistic infants were given the guidance of intervention. The videos of social interaction between parents and infants before and after the intervention were collected. The parents, interaction strategies and the infants, social tendency behaviors were coded and analyzed.
Results
After the instruction of parental intervention, the interaction strategies of parents of autistic infants were significantly improved compared with those before the intervention (P<0.01). The social tendency behaviors of autistic infants in three dimensions, namely, social visual fixation, interactive behavior, and emotional response behavior, were significantly improved (P<0.01).
Conclusion
The intervention mode of guiding parents, intervention can effectively improve parents, interactive strategies, so as to promote social orienting of infants with autism.
2019 Vol. 7 (3): 156- [
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Intervention study on eating behavior problems of children aged 1-5 years by identification and management of feeding difficulties tools
CAI Shizhong, SHI Xiaoyan, QIN Liqiang, CHEN Yan, LU Haiping, WU Ying
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.007
Objective
To evaluate the intervention effects of eating behavior intervention tools on children,s eating behavior problems and their parents, cognitive attitudes towards children,s eating behavior.
Methods
Two hundred children with eating behavior problems aged 1-5 years in Suzhou City were randomly divided into intervention group (n=100) and control group (n=100). The intervention was conducted with IMFeD (identification and management of feeding difficulties) intervention tools and routine outpatient guidance. The follow-up lasted for 9 months and 4 times. Each follow-up required physical measurement of the children. At the same time, the children,s eating behavior and cognitive status of the caregivers were assessed by filling out questionnaires.
Results
Among the six major eating behavioral problems of children, the most serious ones reported by caregivers were “poor appetite” and “bad eating habits”, while no “potential disease status” was reported. The baseline scores of “poor appetite” (P<0.001) and “excessive parental care” (P=0.049) in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group. After 9 months of the intervention, the scores of eating behavior of children in both groups showed a downward trend compared with those before intervention, and the improvement of “poor appetite” in intervention group was more obvious than that in control group (P=0.003). The height and weight gain of children in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference of height was significant (P=0.030). With the prolongation of the intervention time, the scores of four items, “bad appetite” “special preference for certain food” “bad eating habits” “excessive parental care”, and the total score of eating behavior in the intervention group showed a gradual decline trend, and there were significant differences among the groups (P<0.001). After the intervention, the proportion of the caregivers in the intervention group who thought that the children had eating problems, the degree of worrying about the children,s eating, and the evaluation of the efficacy and satisfaction of the doctors were significantly improved (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Comprehensive and systematic eating behavior intervention can improve children,s dietary behavior problems, promote children,s physical growth, and improve the cognitive attitude of caregivers to children,s eating behavior.
2019 Vol. 7 (3): 160- [
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166
Single factor analysis of vision care behavior of different grade pupils in Hongkou District, Shanghai
QI Deyun, TAN Hui, JIANG Yanwei, LI Liping, LIU Tiantian
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.008
Objective
To investigate vision care behavior in different grade pupils in Hongkou District, Shanghai.
Methods
A total of 1 618 pupils in grades three and four from six primary schools were selected by random cluster sampling. The questionnaire survey was performed by using children,s eye care related behavior rating scale (parents, version).
Results
The average refractive time was 11.33 h per day; refractive time in weekends was 17.20 h; refractive time increased with grade; and refractive time in weekends was significantly higher than that in learning days. The average reading and writing time in learning days was 3.28 h, while in weekends was 4.18 h. The average reading and writing time in weekends was more than that in learning days. The reading and writing time increased with grade. The average video entertainment time was 0.88 h per day, and in weekends was 2.74 h. The average outdoor activities time was 0.75 h per day. The average outdoor activities time in learning days was 0.49 h, and in weekends was 1.35 h.
Conclusion
We should strengthen health education of “eye relaxing behavior”, “reading and writing posture”， and “holding pen posture”, enhance the cognition and behavior of eye using habits, and let children do outdoor activities at home if they were limited in school.
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Investigation and strategy for
status quo
on medical humanity education and doctor-patient communication in pediatric teaching
XUE Haihong, QIAN Jihong, CHEN Yi, WU Weilan, DONG Xiaoyan, REN Hong, WEI Minjiang, SUN Kun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.009
Objective
To investigate the current situation of medical humanity education and doctor-patient communication in pediatric teaching.
Methods
Teaching group made a questionnaire survey of students of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine who were clinical trainees in pediatrics.
Results
All students agreed that it was necessary to integrate medical humanities and doctor-patient communication into pediatric clinical teaching. Most medical students wanted to take part in pediatric doctor-patient communication training. According to the results, the current problems were analyzed and their strategies were discussed.
Conclusion
Medical humanity and doctor-patient communication course is helpful to cultivate the medical humanity spirit of students. It is necessary to open the medical humanity and doctor-patient communication course for medical students in pediatric teaching.
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Review
176
Advances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep disorders in children
JIANG Yanrui, LIU Sa, WANG Guanghai, ZHANG Yiwen, JIANG Fan
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.010
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurodevelopmental mental disorder in children. ADHD children not only have the core symptoms of attention-deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, but also have problems in nocturnal sleep behavior. The article reviews the relationship between ADHD and sleep disorders in children, and summarizes relevant assessments and interventions. ADHD is comorbid with sleep disorders in children, and sleep disorders may be a potential causative factor of ADHD. During the screening and diagnosis of ADHD for children, sleep assessments should be carried out in order to detect and intervene in ADHD-related sleep disorders at an early stage.
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182
Psychological mechanism underlying directed forgetting of emotional memory
LIU Zongying, YUAN yuan, GU Haixia, HE Xiao
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2019.03.011
Directed forgetting of emotional memory tends to keep in mind some affective events (words and pictures)which want to be remembered. The current study, based on review of the research literature, summarizes the general characteristic and the psychological mechanism for different people in the directed forgetting field. Moreover, the disadvantages of previous studies are discussed and future research direction is advised.
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