Objective To investigate the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) etiology of tic disorders(TD) and perinatal risk factors. Methods  Based on the TCM congenital factors and the theory of “Waixiang Neigan”, the etiology of perinatal related  TD was analyzed. A total of 128 patients with TD were enrolled in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2015 to January 2016. And then  the perinatal risk factors were analyzed and compared with those of healthy children. Results Malnutrition in the perinatal period of mothers was a risk factor for TD. The perinatal malnutrition of TD mothers was 9.61 times higher than that of the balanced nutrition group. The value of 90%CI was 1.20-76.97. Conclusion The congenital factors related to perinatal abnormalities are important etiologies of TD. Maternal malnutrition is a risk factor that causes the fetus to become ill and  the balance of nutrition should be paid attention to during

this period.

Objective To explore roles of self-emotional perception, others' emotional perception, regulation of emotion, and application ability in emotional intelligence on the depression and anxiety of adolescents in the transition period of primary to secondary school and the mediating role of prosocial behavior. Methods A total of 1 042 sixth grade students in Shanghai were investigated for one year. We used emotional intelligence scale, perceived social competence scale, and transitional adolescent depression and anxiety scale to assess the effects.  Results The abilities of regulation and application reduced the feelings of anxiety and depression among adolescents. The ability of emotional perception increased prosocial behaviors among the adolescents and reduced their  depression and anxiety indirectly. Conclusion Emotional intelligence reduces depression and anxiety among adolescents during their transition from primary to secondary school. The effect is also partially mediated by prosocial behavior.

Objective To evaluate the effect of nutrition education intervention on the growth of elementary schoolchildren in rural China. Methods A 2-year nutrition education interventional study was conducted with 244 schoolchildren (80 in the intervention school and 164 in the control schools) in a rural area of China receiving government subsidies. Nutrition education intervention included the modification of school meal menus, peer support activities, nutrition-related handbooks and posters, and nutrition courses. The measurable outcomes included the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ), and nutrient intakes. Results During the 2-year nutrition education intervention, the BAZ of the intervention group (0.04±0.88) significantly increased compared to that of the control group (-0.30±0.81, P<0.01). After adjusting for baseline BAZ and other potential confounders, the effect of nutrition education intervention on BAZ persisted (standardized coefficient: 0.322; P=0.000). Protein and other nutrient intakes substantially increased for the intervention group compared to the control group during the 2-year intervention. Conclusion Our findings suggest that nutrition education, in addition to government subsidies, is beneficial for the growth of schoolchildren in rural China.