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2014 Vol. 2, No. 1
Published: 2014-03-30
Article
Article
1
On education research and its utilization in the United States
Nathan S. Caplan
In the early 1980s thousands of refugees from Southeast Asia were resettled in the United States after the war in Vietnam. During research focused on their economic progress during the resettlement，it was noted that after three years in the United States，the recently arrived refugee children，who knew little or no English upon arrival，had achieved a remarkable level of academic success in school systems that many thought to be educationally bankrupt. Funds were then obtained to focus on this unexpected academic accomplishments and how it was achieved. The published findings received widespread visibility and were viewed as having practical significance with respect to raising the low standing of American public education when compared to other industrialized nations. These findings were，however，totally disregarded by education policy experts，including those holding important positions in government. Reasons why the findings were regarded as irrelevant are also discussed.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 1-9 [
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Early identification of developmental behavioral disorder
CHEN Wenxiong
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 10-15 [
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Analysis of psychopathy in children with oppositional defiant disorder，conduct disorder，and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
ZHANG Jinsong*;WANG Pengpeng;HAN Jingjing;LI Xiaomeng;TAN Xin
Objective To analyze the characteristics of the psychopathic traits in children and adolescents with conduct disorder（CD），oppositional defiant disorder（ODD）and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD），and explore the related pathological mechanism between the two disorders. Methods Antisocial Process Screening Device（APSD）was employed in the assessment of 213 children and adolescents，and the scores of callous and unemotion，narcissism and impulsivity were compared among groups. Results ① The scores of callous and unemotion in three groups of ADHD，ODD/CD and ADHD + ODD/CD were significantly higher than that in control group（P < 0.05）. The score of narcissism in ADHD + ODD group was significantly higher than those in other groups（P < 0.05），and the score of narcissism in ODD group was also significantly higher than that in control group（P < 0.05）. The scores of impulsivity in three groups were significantly higher than that in control group（P < 0.05）. ② The proportions of all the three traits were highest in ADHD + ODD/CD group（ ≥ 75% for all），and the proportions of coexistence were more than 60%，while those were lower in control group. The proportions of callous and unemotion in three groups were about 3 times that in control group. The proportions of narcissism were at the higher level in ODD/CD group and ADHD + ODD/CD group（ > 70%）， which were 2.4 to 2.8 times that in ADHD group and 4 to 5 times that in control group. The proportions of impulsivity in three groups were 2 to 3 times that in control group. The differences caused by narcissism in ODD/CD + ADHD group were the largest as compared with control group and ADHD group. Conclusion Callous and unemotion is one of the common psychopathic traits in children with ADHD and ODD/CD，while narcissism has higher specificity for the children with ODD/CD. The measurement of psychopathy has a high clinical value in evaluating whether the child is normal，pure ADHD or ADHD + CD/ODD.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 16-20 [
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21
Physical activity participation and perceived physical competence of children in Hong Kong
CHEUNG Suiyin*;MAK Jennifer Y.
Objective To examine the relationship between children’s physical activity（PA）participation and perceived physical competence in Hong Kong. Methods The participants were 1 012 children（527 boys and 483 girls，aged 9 - 14）. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children（PAQ-C）and a Self-perceived Physical Competence Scale（PPCS）were utilized to investigate children’s physical activity patterns and perceived physical competence. Descriptive statistics，t-test，factorial ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were utilized to analyze the data. Results It was revealed that 6.6% of the children participated PA daily and 21.3% of them did not get involved in PA. The most popular activities were walking，tagging，jogging，badminton and table tennis. A significant difference was found between age group on perceived physical competence score. A positive relationship was found between PA and perceived physical competence. Conclusion Children who participate in PA more have higher perceived physical competence.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 21-24 [
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Role of intervention course in improvement of children’s knowledge about psychological crisis
KONG Yanting;ZHANG Jinsong;SHUAI Lan;WANG Zhouye;XIA Weiping;TAN Xin
Objective To investigate the role of intervention course in improvement of children’s knowledge about psychological crisis. Methods Three hundred and sixty-four primary school students were recruited to complete the Awareness on Post-traumatic Psychological Problems Questionnaire Child Version，and intervention course on improvement of children’s knowledge about psychological crisis was carried out，and then a second survey with the questionnaire was performed. The awareness rates of the questionnaire were compared before and after intervention. Results The awareness rate of the traumatic events type after intervention was 61.9%，with an increase of 6.0% as compared with before intervention（55.9%）（Z = 1.64，P = 0.050）. The awareness rate of the psychological reactions after crisis after intervention was 52.7%，with a significant increase of 10.2% as compared with before intervention（42.5%）（Z = 2.76，P = 0.003）. The awareness rate of the ability to cope with crisis after intervention was 66.9%，with a significant increase of 12.4% as compared with before intervention（54.5%）（Z = 3.41，P = 0.001）. The increase of awareness rate of items of factors varied significantly，with 40.7% being the highest. Conclusion The intervention course on improvement of children’s knowledge about psychological crisis can improve the knowledge and coping ability of children on psychological crisis，however，the effects vary among different factors.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 25-29 [
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Convergent validity of the electronic pedometer with theTriTrac RT3 accelerometer for measuring structured playactivities in preschool children
CHOW Bikchu
Objective To determine the convergent validity and stability reliability of pedometry as compared to the criterion variable of triaxial accelerometry（RT3）in measuring structured play activities of preschool children. Methods The subjects were 143 preschoolers including 80 boys and 63 girls aged 4 to 5. The preselected ten play activities，including balance beam walk，cycling，sliding，crawl，running，rhythmic movement，hopscotch，throwing bean bag，kicking ball and rolling ball in two 30-minute normal school playtime sessions with five activities at a time were measured by both pedometer（Digi-Walkers SW-700）and RT3. The same testing procedure was repeated in another two 30-minute playtime sessions. In each session，the test administrators clipped the pedometer and the RT3 onto the left side and right side of a child’s waist，respectively. Pedometer data were recorded as the total steps accumulated while the accelerometer data were recorded as the vector magnitude scores. Results The lowest convergent validity coefficients by correlating pedometer and RT3 data were sliding（r = 0.31）for boys and cycling（r = 0.03）for girls while the other eight activities had acceptable validity coefficients in 0.50s to 0.70s. The play activities with the highest validity coefficients were hopscotch（r = 0.78 for boys，r = 0.77 for girls），rolling ball（r = 0.76 for boys），and walking balance beam（r = 0.76 for girls）. Lastly，the intraclass reliability coefficients for pedometer and RT3 respectively were 0.34 to 0.87 and 0.37 to 0.82. Conclusion Pedometer is a valid tool when measuring most of the preschoolers’play activities.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 30-37 [
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Experimental study of spontaneous and induced counterfactual thinking in the elderly and young
ZHU Ping;LI Shuguang
Objective To investigate the characteristics of spontaneous and induced counterfactual thinking in the elderly and young. Methods The self report method， induced situational method and counterfactual inference test were employed to analyze the quantity and rationality of counterfactual thinking in 96 elder people and 98 college students. Results The quantity of spontaneous counterfactual thinking in the elderly was significantly smaller than that in the college students（P < 0.001），and the rationality was significantly higher than that in the college students（P < 0.05）. The quantity of induced counterfactual thinking in the elderly was significantly smaller than that in the college students（P < 0.001），and the rationality was significantly higher than that in the college students（P < 0.01）. The score of counterfactual inference test in the elderly was significantly higher than that in the college students（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with the young，the counterfactual thinking in the elderly is more stable.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 38-41 [
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2976
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Intervention study for Chinese overweight children—effects on exercise intention and physical self satisfaction
LAU Wingchung;CHEUNG Waileung;RANSDELL Lynda
Objective To determine the effect of exercise intervention on Chinese overweight children’s attraction to physical activity，physical self-perception and body satisfaction. Methods A cross sectional study of Chinese overweight school children completed questionnaires related to physical activity attitude，physical self-concept，and body satisfaction. One hundred Chinese overweight children（34% girls and 66% boys）aged 8 - 12 years were selected from a primary school in Hong Kong，China. Overweight children were defined and identified using the international cut-off points by sex between 2 and 18 years old of the age-related body mass index（BMI）of 25 kg/m2. Weight and height of participants were measured in school physical education class and BMI was calculated. Physical activity attitude was measured by the Children’s Attraction to Physical Activity（CAPA）. Physical self-concept was measured using the Physical Self-Perception Profile for Children（C-PSPP）. Body satisfac-tion was established using the silhouette matching task（SMT）. Results Significant intervention effect was found in C-PSPP. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that the intervention was significant in improving strength subscale，physical self-worth，and global self-worth. Regarding CAPA，and SMT，all factors were not significant. Polynomial regression analyses indicated that there is a clear nonlinear relationship on the sport competence and body attractiveness subscales. Conclusion The intervention program can improve the physical self worth，global self worth and certain physical self-perception subscales of the overweight Chinese children，especially for the children who have lower scores in sport competence and body attractiveness.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 42-49 [
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Measurement and intervention of physical fitness of children
CHI Xia
Physical fitness not only affects health and sport performance of children，but also correlates to various diseases，such as obesity and developmental coordination disorder. The status of children’s physical fitness，measurement methods and intervention principles are introduced in this paper.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 50-53 [
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3841
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Rehabilitation management model for children with cerebral palsy based on health and education partnership
SUN Kexing;ZHOU Yonghong;HUANG Guangfa;LI Jijun
Rehabilitation management strategy of taking posture control as a center may help children with cerebral palsy（CP）to hold correct alignments，adjust abnormal muscle tone，select appropriate activity output and avoid secondary disorders of musculoskeletal
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 54-58 [
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2895
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One case study of trisomy 21 syndrome treated by medicine and education partnership
SHEN Zhihao
One child with trisomy 21 syndrome treated by medicine and education partnership is reported in this paper. The child is a student of special education school，and receives functional defect correction after medical evaluation. After intervention from medical professionals，parents，teachers and peers，both medical and educational assessment indicates that the functional defects have been improved，and the physical and mental rehabilitation has achieved better outcomes.
2014 Vol. 2 (1): 59-61 [
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2930
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