Prosodic information plays a key role in oral comprehension. The abnormal perception and processing of prosodic information in autistic children restrict the daily conversation and social interaction and hinder the development of spoken language ability. In this paper, the developmental characteristics and influencing factors of prosodic information processing in autistic children are analyzed and compared, and the processing defects of neural mechanisms are discussed. Future research can focus on the relationship between prosodic information processing and speech development of autistic children, expand the differences of prosodic processing across cultural backgrounds, and explore the influence of emotional valence on prosodic information processing.