Abstract：Left-behind（LB）children in Mainland China have both parents working in cities and they are left in the villages，to be brought up by grandparents or other adults. The following characteristics were common among LB children：lack of self-confidence，introvert，poor temperament，distant from parents，rebellious or over-dependent，self- centred，does not trust others，poor academic performance，etc.. Over the past decade，many children were born in Hong Kong whose parents were both non-residents（NRP）of Hong Kong. This poses serious challenges to education and other social services in the territory. The Hong Kong Basic Law gives NRP children the right of abode in Hong Kong and to enjoy the social benefits provided for local citizens. They should never be discriminated against. Under the quality education system，with suitable hardware and software，and careful guidance and nurture of specialists，many NRP children can be brought up as good citizens. They thus deserve to be treated on par with other Hong Kong-born children. If the government wants these children to grow up in a healthy manner in the Hong Kong education system and contribute to the community at large，or help solve the problem of an aging society in the near future，it should carefully examine and upgrade the design of the software and hardware，to nurture，encourage and welcome them to stay and work in Hong Kong. This paper aims at analyzing the consequences of children brought up devoid of the personal care and attention of their parents；nor parental guidance on how to think，as well as value judgment and other associated problems，with a view to suggesting and devising measures to alleviate or to remedy the situation.
黄玫芳;关定辉. “双非儿童”及“留守儿童”问题初探[J]. , 2013, 1(1): 69-74.
WONG Muifong;KWAN Tingfai. A comparative study of left-behind children in Mainland China with children of non-resident parent in Hong Kong. , 2013, 1(1): 69-74.
2013, Vol. 1 
