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2025 Vol. 13, No. 1 Published: 2025-01-30 Review Article        Article 1 Association analysis of diet, physical activity, adverse emotions, and myopia in middle school students in Shanghai YIN Cancan, YAN Qiong, QI Yue, YUE Guizhen, LUO Chunyan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.001 Objective To analyze the associations between diet, physical activity, adverse emotions, and myopia in middle school students, and provide reference for promoting myopia prevention and control in adolescents. Methods Based on the monitoring data of adolescent health risk behaviors from 16 districts of Shanghai in 2021 , relevant information on students’ basic situation, diet, physical activity, adverse emotions, and myopia was obtained. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia. Results Data of 17 409 middle school students were included in the analysis. The self-reported prevalence of myopia was 70.18 %. After controlling for gender, grade, study duration, screen usage time, internet addiction, and sleep duration, eating desserts at least once a day and feeling unhappy due to academic pressure or poor scores increased the risk of myopia（OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11 -1.49; OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26）. Engaging in physical activity for more than 60 min/d was a protective factor for myopia（OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99）. In addition, prolonged extracurricular study and insufficient sleep (＜7 h/d ) also increased the risk of myopia（OR=1.19, 95 % CI: 1.10-1.29; OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.10-1.29）. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the management of adolescent health behaviors, and in terms of myopia prevention and control, special attention should be paid to those who consume excessive sweets and feel unhappy due to academic pressure or poor scores. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 1- [Abstract] ( 88 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (695 KB)  ( 69 ) 6 Impact of social exclusion on smartphone addiction: mediating role of interpersonal attribution WANG Huimin, WANG Yanan, XUN Wenxiu, ZHANG Anqi, ZENG Yixin, ZENG Chengwei, YANG Ying, ZHANG Shujun, ZHANG Bin DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.002 Objective To investigate the relationship between social exclusion of university students and smartphone addiction, and analyze the mediating role of interpersonal attribution. Methods An online survey to students from several universities in Hunan Province was conducted by using social exclusion questionnaire forundergraduates（SEQU）, short version of smartphone addiction scale（SAS-SV）, and interpersonal relationship scale from multidimensional-multiattributional causality scale（MMCS）. A total of 392 valid questionnaires were collected. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results There was a significant difference in the degree of smartphone addiction among family types, with students from core families scoring significantly higher than those from extended families. There was a significant positive correlation between social exclusion, smartphone addiction, and external interpersonal attribution （P< 0.01）. The direct effect of social exclusion on smartphone addiction was not significant（β=0.05, P>0.05）.Social exclusion significantly positively predicted external interpersonal attribution（β=0.21, P<0.001）, and externalinterpersonal attribution had a significantly positively predictive effect on smartphone addiction（β=0.35, P<0.001）. The mediating effect of external interpersonal attribution between social exclusion and smartphone addiction was significant,with an effect value of 0.07（95% CI: 0.03-0.13）. Conclusion Social exclusion indirectly affects smartphone addiction through the mediating effect of external interpersonal attribution. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 6- [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (700 KB)  ( 58 ) 11 Current situation of mobile phone addiction among migrant children and its associations with childhood psychological maltreatment and social anxiety YAO Wenwei, SHI Zhiyuan, KONG Lingming, LI Guangyao DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.003 Objective To investigate the current situation of mobile phone addiction among migrant children and its associations with childhood psychological maltreatment and social anxiety, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of mobile phone addiction. Methods A total of 526 migrant middle school students（experimental group）and 742 urban resident middle school students（control group）were selected as the research subjects. Child psychological maltreatment scale（CPMS）, social anxiety scale for children（SASC）, and mobile phone addiction index（MPAI）were used for measurement. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of mobile phone dependence in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group（36.31 % vs 21.83 %, P<0.01）. Factor scores of terrorizing, ignoring, belittling, and interfering in CPMS, the scores of various dimensions in SASC, and the total score and each factor score of MPAI of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P=0.000）. In the experimental group, the total score and each factor score of MPAI were significantly positively correlated with each factor score of CPMS and each dimension score of SASC（P<0.01）. Social anxiety played a partial mediating role between childhood psychological maltreatment and mobile phone addiction, with the mediating effect accounting for 87.15% of the total effect. Conclusion The incidence of mobile phone dependence among migrant children is higher than that of urban resident children of the same age group. Childhood psychological maltreatment can directly or indirectly affect mobile phone addiction through social anxiety. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 11- [Abstract] ( 96 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (750 KB)  ( 57 ) 16 Relationship between emotional neglect in childhood and depressive symptoms in university students: chain mediating role of adult attachment and self-compassion YUAN Ningjie, SONG Jingjie, SONG Anran, WU Haomeng, XIONG Minghui, CHENG Dandan DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.004 Objective To investigate the associations among childhood emotional neglect, adult attachment, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms in university students. Methods A total of 726 university students were measured by using the childhood trauma questionnaire, short form（CTQ-SF）, experiences in close relationships inventory（ECR）, self-compassion scale, and center for epidemiological studies depression scale（CES-D）. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results The correlation analysis showed that emotional neglect was significantly positively correlated withattachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depressive symptoms（r=0.18-0.31, P<0.01）, but significantly negatively correlated with self-compassion（r=-0.21, P<0.01）. Attachment anxiety was significantly negatively correlated with self-compassion（r=-0.37, P<0.01）and significantly positively correlated with depressive symptoms（r=0.53，P<0.01）. Attachment avoidance was significantly negatively correlated with self-compassion（r=-0.22, P<0.01）and significantlypositively correlated with depressive symptoms（r=0.36, P<0.01）. Self-compassion was significantly negatively correlated with depressive symptoms（r=-0.56, P<0.01）. The mediation effect analysis indicated that the direct effect of childhood emotional neglect on depressive symptoms was significant, and the independent mediating effects of adult attachment and self-compassion, as well as their chain mediating effect, were also significant. Conclusion Childhood emotional neglect is an important factor affecting the depressive symptoms of university students, and adult attachment and self-compassion play a chain mediating role in the relationship. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 16- [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (774 KB)  ( 52 ) 23 Parents' cognition on children’s non-immunization program vaccination choices and influencing factors JIA Ru, GU Fen, LIU Ping, YU Qun, JIANG Liping DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.005 Objective To explore parents’ cognition on children’s non-immunization program vaccination choices and the influencing factors. Methods Parents of children receiving normal physical examinations in a child care clinic were investigated by using a uniformly designed general information questionnaire and a non-immunization program vaccination questionnaire. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 789 valid questionnaires were collected, with 460 children（58.3%）receiving non-immunization program vaccines. Among the parents, 331（42.0%） preferred imported vaccines. The non-immunization program vaccines with the highest levels of awareness among parentswere the influenza vaccine（17.25%）, the 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine（14.43%）, andthe human papillomavirus vaccine（14.33%）. The vaccines with the highest vaccination rates were the varicella vaccine （22.43%）, the rotavirus vaccine（22.11%）, and the influenza vaccine（20.44%）. Mothers and parents with a bachelor’s degree or higher were more willing to vaccinate their children with non-immunization program vaccines（P<0.05）. Parents with a postgraduate degree and an annual household income exceeding 500 000 yuan were more inclined to choose imported vaccines（P<0.05）. Conclusion Awareness of non-immunization program vaccines among parents and vaccination rates among children are relatively low. Parents show a preference to imported vaccines. There is a need to strengthen the promotion and education of non-immunization program vaccines, particularly those that are domestically produced. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 23- [Abstract] ( 80 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (719 KB)  ( 44 ) 28 Impact of parent-child attachment on adolescent depression: a chain-mediated model LIU Liu, CHEN Yiwen DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.006 Objective To explore the impact of parent-child attachment on adolescent depression and the mediating roles of self-esteem and emotional intelligence. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 200 middle school students by using parent-child attachment scale, self-esteem scale, emotional intelligence scale, and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. A total of 1 195 valid questionnaires were obtained. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results There was a significant correlation between parent-child attachment, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and depression. The results of mediation analysis showed that parent-child attachment had a significantly negatively predictive effect on adolescent depression（β=-0.28, P<0.001）. The mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence on the relationship between parent-child attachment and depression was significant（95 % CI: -0.063--0.015, -0.086--0.045）, and exerted a chain mediation effect through the pathway of parent-child attachment → self-esteem → emotionalintelligence → depression（95 % CI: -0.020 --0.008）. Conclusion Parent-child attachment can directly affect adolescent depression, and can also indirectly affect depression through the individual mediating effects of self-esteem and emotional intelligence, as well as the chain mediating effect produced by the combined effects of both. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 28- [Abstract] ( 87 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (747 KB)  ( 50 ) 33 Effect of university student’s poor interpersonal relationships on depression: mediating effect of obsessive thinking and moderating role of sense of meaning ZHANG Chao, WANG Jindao, LI Jiaojiao DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.007 Objective To explore the mediating role of obsessive thinking in the relationship between poor interpersonal relationships and depression, and investigate the moderating role of sense of meaning in the relationship between obsessive thinking and depression. Methods A survey was conducted among 387 university students by using adolescent poor interpersonal relationships scale, obsessive thinking scale, sense of meaning scale, and stress-anxiety-depression scale. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results Poor interpersonal relationships were significantly positively correlated with depression（r=0.57, P<0.001）and obsessive thinking（r=0.44, P<0.001）; obsessive thinking was significantly positively correlated with depression（r=0.53, P<0.001）. Obsessive thinking mediated the relationshipbetween poor interpersonal relationships and depression（95% CI: 0.10-0.20）. Sense of meaning had a significantmoderating effect on the relationship between obsessive thinking and depression（β=-0.10, P<0.001）. Conclusion Poor interpersonal relationships can not only directly and positively predict depression but also indirectly influence it through obsessive thinking; sense of meaning plays a moderating role, with a high level of sense of meaning weakening the positive impact of obsessive thinking on depression. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 33- [Abstract] ( 73 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (755 KB)  ( 58 ) 39 Exploration of China-Canada cooperative online and offline teaching mode for attention deficit and hyperactive disorder integrated with early clinical contact LI Huanyu, REN Fang, XU Mingyu, LI Feng, SHEN Lixiao, WU Danping, DAI Yuan, DENG Lin, TAO Minyi, LIU Xin, LI Fei DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.008 Objective To explore the application effect of online and offline teaching mode for attention deficitand hyperactive disorder（ADHD）integrated with early clinical contact in medical undergraduates. Methods Thirty undergraduates in grade 2 to 4 majoring in clinical medicine and pediatrics in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected as participants. After completing an ADHD summer camp course and online and offline teaching sessions led by a team of Chinese and Canadian experts, the teaching effectiveness was evaluated through a questionnaire survey. Results Students responded positively to the innovative online and offline teaching model for ADHD. They expressed satisfaction with the overall arrangement of online learning and offline practice during the summer camp course and believed that the course would significantly benefit their future choices and advanced studies in pediatrics. Conclusion The optimized teaching model for ADHD integrated with early clinical contact effectively combines theory and practice, and significantly enhances the comprehensive qualities and clinical thinking of medical students. To some extent, it addresses the shortcomings of the current medical education model and may represent a new direction for future educational practices. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 39- [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (680 KB)  ( 53 ) 44 Effect of professional dance training on neuroplasticity: a meta-analysis HOU Jiancheng, CHEN Taolin, WANG Tao, SONG Xiufang, WEI Gaoxia, SONG Bei, ZHOU Jiaxian DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.009 Objective To examine the effects of professional dance training on neuroplasticity in humans. Methods The research papers on the impact of professional dance training on gray matter in the brain were retrieved. By using the activation likelihood assessment in meta-analysis, the peak values of the brain from selected literature were analyzed. Results There were significant differences in peak values between professional and non-professional dancers in the right superior temporal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and right supplementary motor area. These brain regions were involved in the cognitive processes such as rhythm perception, sensorimotor integration, empathy, encoding and retrieval of motor memory, motion imagery, and action observation learning. Conclusion Professional dance training can effectively shape the neural function and structure of the brain. Future studies can further distinguish the impact of different categories of professional dance training on brain plasticity so as to comprehensively assess the association between dance training and brain development. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 44- [Abstract] ( 89 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (935 KB)  ( 69 ) 50 Relationship between parental involvement and depression in high school students: mediating role of coping style LIU Zhenmin DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.010 Objective To explore the impact of parental involvement on depression of high school students, and examine the mediating role of high school students’ coping styles. Methods A total of 410 high school students were tested by using the adolescent evaluation version of parental involvement questionnaire, the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, and the middle school student coping style scale. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results There was a significant correlation between parental involvement, high school students’ coping styles and depression. Maternal involvement was significantly higher than paternal involvement. Parental involvement significantly negatively predicted high school students’depression（βfather=-0.29，P<0.001; βmother=-0.16，P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the effectvalues（P>0.05）. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that after adding the mediating variable of problem-centered coping style, the direct effect of paternal involvement on high school students’depression was significant（β=-0.15, P<0.05）, while the direct effect of maternal involvement was not significant（β=-0.01, P>0.05）. In the pathway of paternal involvement → problem-centered coping style → high school students’ depression, the mediating effect value was -0.11（95% CI: -0.18 , -0.05）, accounting for 37% of the total effect. In the pathway of maternal involvement → problem-centered coping style → high school students’ depression, the mediating effect value was -0.11（95% CI: -0.19 , -0.04）, accounting for 65 % of the total effect. Conclusion Paternal involvement has both a direct impact on high school students’ depression and an indirect impact through problem-centered coping style. The impact of maternal involvement on high school students’ depression is mainly indirectly influenced by problem-centered coping style. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 50- [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (785 KB)  ( 39 ) 55 Relationship between primary school students’ discretionary time and stress levels: mediating effect of communication time with parents and masking effect of time spent using electronic products XUE Juanjuan, LI Xinying DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.011 Objective To explore the relationship between primary school students’ discretionary time and stress levels, and investigate the mediating roles of their communication time with parents and time spent using electronic products. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on students from grades three to five in two primary schools in Beijing, and 427 valid questionnaires were collected. The students’ self-perceived stress levels were measured by the modified Chinese perceived stress scale（CPSS）. The students’ daily discretionary time, communication time with parents, and time spent using electronic products were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire. The relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results Discretionary timedirectly negatively predicted stress levels（β=-1.39, P=0.002）. The mediating effect of communication time with parents between discretionary time and stress levels was significant, with an indirect effect 95% CI of -0.42 to -0.04. The masking effect of time spent using electronic products between discretionary time and stress levels was significant, with an indirect effect 95% CI of 0.16 to 0.72. Conclusion The increase of discretionary time can reduce the stress level of primary school students, but it is influenced by the content of activities. If discretionary time is used to communicate with parents , it will help alleviate stress. If discretionary time is used for electronic products, it will actually increase the stress level. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 55- [Abstract] ( 87 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (727 KB)  ( 50 )        Review 59 Review of role of bedtime routine in early childhood development WANG Ming, LIN Lin, SU Ruxin, PAN Jing, LIU Yiru, SHI Guijuan, Jodi A MINDELL, WANG Guanghai DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.012 Early childhood is critical for brain-intelligence development, and it is important to promote early childhood development. According to the conceptual model of bedtime routine, a positive bedtime routine involves five key elements of nurturing care, which includes good health, adequate nutrition, responsive caregiving, early learning opportunities, and safety and security. Bedtime routine has positive and far-reaching influences on children’s sleep, cognition, language, and socio-emotional development. The paper reviews the conceptual model of bedtime routine and its effect on children’s sleep health and early childhood development, in order to inform education-parenting-medical care integrated intervention strategies with a positive bedtime routine as the core to promote comprehensive development in early childhood. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 59- [Abstract] ( 93 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (800 KB)  ( 48 ) 64 Association of risk of autism spectrum disorder with early life exposure to particulate matter: research progress and prospects GU Wenmin, JI Xing DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4301.2025.01.013 Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Currently, the pathology and causes of ASD remain unclear. Although genetic factors play an important role in ASD, only a small proportion of ASD cases can be explained by chromosomal abnormalities or monogenic variations. It is generally believed that the genetic and environmental interaction is essential in the pathogenesis of ASD. Air pollution is one of the major problemsfaced by human society, and particulate matter 2.5（PM2.5）is an important air pollutant. In recent years, many studies have focused on the association of the risk of ASD with early life exposure to PM2.5. This article reviews this issue, and discusses the limitations of current research and future research directions. 2025 Vol. 13 (1): 64- [Abstract] ( 86 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (726 KB)  ( 45 )

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