Abstract：A number of studies have indicated that there are beneficial effects of exercise and its resulting physical fitness on cognitive and brain functions. Recent studies have extended these benefits of exercise to include academic achievement in children. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly current relevant studies investigating the effect of exercise on cognition，brain functions，and academic achievement in children. The results reveal that acute exercise may improve cognitive functions，brain neuroelectric activity，and specific academic performance in children. Regarding chronic exercise，participants in long-term exercise，high status of aerobic fitness and other physical fitness components may also gain cognitive benefits in terms of improved behavioral，neuroelectric and academic levels. Additionally，these changes are more evident in cognitive tasks related to executive control. Accordingly，based upon the positive preliminary evidence derived from examining the complex relationship between exercise and cognitive function in children，it is important and necessary to conduct further this research within this investigative framework.
2014, Vol. 2 
