Objective To explore the significance of medical-educational combination model in promoting visual development and eye health of preschool children.  Methods In the kindergartens of Nanjing city, we used the medical-educational combination model in children's eye care teaching, and evaluated the application of the model for children, parents and the kindergartens.  Results After 1 year, the knowledge of experimental group children was significantly higher than that of the control group. The visual development trend was better than that of the control group and the average visual acuity was significantly higher than that of the control group （t=3.081, P=0.002）, and refractive abnormality rate （11.8%） was significantly lower than that of the control group （17.7%） （χ²=11.890，P=0.001）. Of course, the mode was recognized by the parents as well as the kindergartens. Conclusion The application of medical-educational combination model of eye care can promote visual development and delay the occurrence of myopia in preschool children.

Objective To examine the properties of attention engagement, phonology processing, phonetic radical processing of Chinese dyslexic children on two rapid-serial-visual presentation （RSVP） tasks.  Methods Twenty-five Chinese primary school children with developmental dyslexia were selected  and matched with 25 chronological-age children. Performances of children in two RSVP tasks were measured.  Results The research showed that Chinese dyslexic children had difficulty in RSVP processing in comparison to controls.  Conclusion The study found the performance of Chinese dyslexic children in Chinese phonology decoding was impaired and they overly relied on phonetic radical in phonological decision, but there was no similar deficit of attentional engagement to their Western counterparts.

Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of the social responsiveness scale short rorm （SRS-SF） and assess its accuracy  for screening autism spectrum disorder（ASD） in Chinese children. Methods Parents or caregivers of 140 clinical children who were diagnosed as having ASD based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders （5th edition）（DSM-5） and 58 clinical children without ASD（Non-ASD） to complete the social responsiveness scale （SRS） and the parent version of strength and difficulty questionnaire （SDQ）. And 42 of them completed SRS retest after 3 months. Internal consistency reliability, testretest reliability, constructive validity and discriminate validity were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the SRS-SF based on the SRS data. The receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） was used to assess the accuracy of SRS-SF for screening autism spectrum disorder in Chinese children, compared with SRS. Results For the whole SRS-SF, the Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.879 and the test-retest coefficients were 0.511. The scores of the whole SRS-SF and its three factors were highly positively correlated with those of SRS（r=0.853~0.960, P<0.001）. The scores of the whole SRS-SF was moderately correlated with those of the total difficulties and prosocial behaviors of the parent version of SDQ（|r|=0.349~0.585, P<0.001）. SRS-SF had good discriminate validity among ASD and Non-ASD control groups（t=-8.367~-2.841, P<0.01）. The results in receiver operating characteristic analysis showed SRS-SF was slightly better than SRS in sensitivity（SRS-SF 0.783 vs SRS 0.704）and area-under-the-curve（SRS-SF 0.833 vs SRS 0.829）.  Conclusion These results suggest that SRS-SF has acceptable reliability and validity, and can be another useful tool for screening ASD in Chinese children.

Objective To explore the boys' and girls' explicit and implicit attitude towards body figures. Methods A total of 101 boys and girls in the first grade from one senior middle school participated in the study. The negative physical self scale （NPSS） and extrinsic affective Simon task （EAST） were used to investigate explicit and attitude of body images.  Results Firstly, there were significant gender differences on explicit attitude of body figures. The scores of boys' negative attitude towards fatness were significantly lower than those of girls, while the scores of girls' negative attitude towards thinness were significantly lower than those of boys. Secondly, in the experiment of implicit attitude, the main effects of compatibility were significant and the main effects of gender were marginally significant. Conclusion ① The explicit attitudes of body images had significant gender differences. The boys were found to prefer fat figures, but the girls preferred thin figures. ② In implicit attitude, both boys and girls took same attitudes to self-body image and the opposite gender body image, and they tended to link fat figures with negative emotion and thin figures with positive emotion.

Objective To investigate the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in the rat brain during experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.  Methods Three weeks old rats were used to construct the infection group of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, the control group via saline injection, and the shamoperation group. The expressions of bromodeoxyuridine （Brdu） in the hippocampus of the rats were dynamically detected by immunohistochemical method in 24 h, 5, 14, and 21d after injection, respectively.  Results Brdu positive cells were observed in the hippocampus of the infection group of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, the control group, and the sham-operation group at d1, d5, d14, and d21 of inoculation. In the infection group of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, the number of Brdu-labeled cells at 24 h after infection was not changed compared to d5 and d14 level （P>0.05）, but was greater than d21 level （P<0.05）. Compared with the control and the sham-operation group, Brdu positive cells in Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis rats were increased at 24 h post-infection, reached a peak at d5, then decreased, but still was greater than normal （P<0.05）.  Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis stimulated the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampus of the rat brain.

Self-prediction refers to a psychological process of predicting future behavior by oneself. A large number of studies have shown that self-prediction has varying degrees of optimistic tendency in most cases. There are three main types of self-prediction optimistic tendency: optimism bias, planning fallacy, and overconfidence. Their influencing factors can be divided into two categories: individual factors and situational factors. The mechanism of optimistic tendency includes nonmotivation mechanism（focalism,egocentrism） and motivation mechanism. Future researches need to pay  attention to the research of cognitive neural mechanism of optimistic tendency using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） and event-related potentials （ERP）. When conducting research, researchers should focus on the standards of sampling, and choose the appropriate scale and paradigm to guard against the statistical illusion.

The conflict between husband and wife is a manifestation of a negative family atmosphere, which has a greater negative impact on the development of children in all aspects. Marital conflicts can often be divided into destructive conflicts and constructive conflicts. Marital conflicts can be measured by parental reporting and children's reporting. The effect of marital conflict on children's emotions mainly includes parents' personal factors, family factors, and social factors. Interventions to improve the relationship between husband and wife include psychotherapy, group guidance, and communication skills training. Future research should pay attention to strengthening the two-way effect of the marital conflict and children, the adjustment process of the impact of marital conflict on childrens emotions, and the diversification of interventions.

Bronchial asthma is a respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）, which are expected to become a new treatment for asthma, can effectively improve airway inflammation in the animal models of asthma. Studies have shown that MSCs can achieve the goal of immune regulation by releasing transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） to modulate airway inflammation and airway remodeling. However, the mechanisms are unclear. This article will review the research progress of the TGF-β₁ mechanism in MSCs treatment of asthma.