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2013 Vol. 1, No. 1 Published: 2013-03-30 Article        Article 1 Bio-education：building a bridge between bio-medicine and education JIN Xingming;MA Jun Education and learning are profoundly based on the understanding of the physiological function of human brain and the fast development in modern biology，physiology，neurology and cognitive science greatly promotes the theory and practice of education. Bio-education is defined as a cross-disciplinary study which merges biological science with educational science，i.e.，a study on human educational process and its general principle with reference to biology，neurophysiology，neuropsychology，and brain science. The subjects of the study in bio-education are human beings，and in particular children and adolescents，who are in the stage of receiving education，fast growth and develop-ment. Methodologically，bio-education applies the research tools of anatomy，cytology，histomorphology，physiology，electrophysiology，biochemistry，molecular biology，behaviouristics，sociology，pedagogy，and brain imaging，etc.，to study the law of development of human and human brains，to seek the best educational approaches and，to facilitate the teamwork between relevant disciplines. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 2912 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (811 KB)  ( 2131 ) 6 Constructing a scientific groundwork for learning and teaching Kurt W. Fischer Mind，brain，and education as well as educational neuroscience have as their primary goals connecting biology，cognitive science，developmental science，and education in order to ground education in systematic research. Work in educational neuroscience has been plagued by many myths and distortions based on popular misconceptions about brain and genetics. It is important to integrate research with practice by joining scientists with educators to promote the study of effective learning and teaching in schools and other educational settings. Together scientific research and practice can provide powerful tools to improve education. An essential component of education should be analyzing the biological bases of abilities so that educators and parents can effectively facilitate the learning and development of individual students. As a partner in this endeavor，cognitive science provides analyses of the mental models/metaphors that ground the making of meaning across human cultures. Learning science and human development provide tools to analyze learning pathways，including both shared patterns and learning differences. The primary need is to ground education in research by creating（a）research schools where science and practice join together to shape educational research，（b）shared data bases about development and learning，and（c）a new profession made up of educational engineers or translators who connect research，practice，and policy. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 6-23 [Abstract] ( 2920 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (13903 KB)  ( 1963 ) 24 Basic principles and application to shape children’s good behavior LI Tingyu China is in the era of second generation of one-child. How to shape children’s good behavior becomes the hot issue of parents’concern. Behavior is influenced by a variety of factors，such as temperament，cognitive limita?蛳tions，self-centered thinking，language development，parent behavior，family environment，and local culture. This paper adopts basic principles and technology of behavior change to illustrate the principle and application of conditioned reflex and operant conditioning reflection. It also introduces two basic principles and application examples for shaping children’s behavior in real life to provide guidance for pediatricians and parents. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 24-27 [Abstract] ( 2364 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (691 KB)  ( 1691 ) 28 Bio-education：neuroscience experiments on language teaching and learning TO Choyee;KWAN Tingfai;FOK Taifai;Agnes（CHAN Sy）;Francis（CHAN Huoyen）;CHAN Yuleung;Albert（CHAU Wailap）;FUNG Kwokpui;Peter（FUNG Cw）;Joseph（HUNG Hinwai）;LEE Hokming;MARK Kaikeung;Albert（SO Tingpat） This is a condensed report on a pioneering，multidisciplinary study on language acquisition. The neuroscience for language education project was sponsored by the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. Participants in this study were specialists in medicine，education，arts and sciences，the social sciences，and engineer-ing from the Chinese University of Hong Kong，the University of Hong Kong，City University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University；and teachers and students from local schools. This intensive three?蛳year project began in 2000 and has branched out into related，special inquiries，generating new results and information. The cooperative effort used pertinent findings from the neurosciences relating to prenatal，postnatal and subsequent development of the human brain-physiologically，functionally and cognitively-to answer fundamental questions about language education：（a）At what points in a child’s mental development would carefully designed educa-tional interventions be most effective in facilitating the acquisition and mastery of a language？ （b）What interventions are the most useful and effective for acquisition of a language？（c）What does current neuroscience and cognitive science data indicate as the best age at which children should begin formal training in their first and second languages？（d）What approaches to acquiring proficiency in the first and second languages in different instructional settings yield the best results，qualitatively and quantitatively？（f）What practical guidelines for effective language teaching and learning can be recommended to policy makers，teachers，learners，and curriculum designers？Do these guidelines differ for the first（Chinese）and second（English）languages？ 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 28-34 [Abstract] ( 2430 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (10726 KB)  ( 1419 ) 41 Early childhood education：aspirations and participation of married women born in 1980s in Shanghai CHE Yan;DING Yan;ZHANG Yuzhi Objective To explore the aspirations and participation of married women born in 1980s on early childhood（0 - 3 years old）education in Shanghai. Methods Cluster randomization method was adopted to identify eligible women born in 1980s at 6 out of 17 districts/counties in Shanghai. Trained staff interviewed participants by using structured questionnaire. Results The findings of the study suggest that the proportions of women who regarded early childhood education as very important and important were 41.4% and 48.6% respectively out of a total of 5 009 eligible female respondents while only slightly less than half（47.4%）of the female respondents’children participated in the activities of early childhood education. Respondents’aspiration on the importance of early childhood education was related to their educational level，place of citizenship，number of children and whether receiving promotion materials or not. These factors as well as their age and aspirations affected their children’s participation in early childhood education. The majority of respondents desired that the community provides playing fields or educational materials，indicating a low trust of the quality of early childhood education at community level. Conclusion The majority of women born in 1980s desired early childhood education. Nevertheless, their participation in early childhood educational activities was low. Moreover，the present provision of educational services at community level was far below their expectation. These results indicate that there is a need for the government to develop well designed early childhood education program and to encourage more professionals to provide quality early childhood education services. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 41-45 [Abstract] ( 2909 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (997 KB)  ( 2096 ) 46 Effect of sleep duration on gender difference children’s school performance SUN Wanqi;JIANG Yanrui;CHEN Wenjuan;LI Shenghui;JIANG Fan;SHENG Xiaoming Objective To explore gender difference in children’s sleep duration，school performance and the effect of sleep duration on school performance. Methods A total of 2 249 grade-five children were sampled by stratified cluster random sampling from 10 primary schools in Shanghai between November and December 2009. The school achievement questionnaire（teacher version）was applied to evaluate children’s achievement（lower the score better the performance）. Family and social environment questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic information and children’s sleep parameters as well. t-test and multivariable linear regression were adopted to compare the sleep duration and academic achievement among children within different gender groups. Results The mean age of the samples was（10.81 ± 0.38）years old with 49.3% being boys. The prevalence of sleep insufficient was higher among boys than girls（χ2 = 7.84，P = 0.005）. The total score and subscale scores of the school achievement questionnaire were higher among boys than girls（t = 10.56，P < 0.001），which meant boys had poorer school performance than girls. The linear regression analysis showed that the adequate sleep duration had an positive role in children’s school performance（β = -0.08，t = -3.82，P < 0.001），and in particular more significant in boys. Conclusion Insufficient sleep was more common among boys，while their school performance was more affected by short sleep duration. Therefore，ensuring boys with adequate sleep may help improve their daytime function and school performance. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 46-49 [Abstract] ( 3790 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (631 KB)  ( 3040 ) 50 A research on the characteristics of expressions and emotional cognition in children with nonverbal learning disabilities GULIAYI·Baokaixi;LIU Buyun;BA O Peng;JING Jin;HUA NG Xu Objective To investigate the performance of the nonverbal learning disabilities children（NLD）in the basic facial expression recognition and their ability to understanding the facial expressions，compared with the normal children. Methods The face discrimination task and the facial emotion understanding test were used to test the 24 NLD children（boys 16，girls 8；mean ages 8.83 years old）from two elementary schools in Guangzhou and 24 normal children（boys 16，girls 8；mean ages 8.90 years old）matched with them according to age，and gender. Results There were no difference between the two groups in the level of the preliminary identification of face expression（P > 0.05），as well as in the facial emotion recognition（P > 0.05）. But the ability of facial expression attribution in NLD children was significantly lower than that of the normal children（P = 0.005），and there was also statistical significance between the two groups in angry，happy and sad（P < 0.01 and P < 0.05）. Conclusion NLD children have the ability of emotional recognition，but they have difficulties in emotional attribution in realistic situation. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 50-53 [Abstract] ( 3042 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (637 KB)  ( 2627 ) 54 The study of the prevalence and their relationship with family environment in preschool children with developmental coordination disorder in Nanjing city XIE Yachun;LIU Xiao;YANG Lei;ZHANG Min;HONG Qin;LI Xiling;GUO Xirong;TONG Meiling;CHI Xia Objective To investigate the distribution of preschool children with developmental coordination dis-order（DCD），and its relationship with family environment in Nanjing city. Methods A cross-sectional survey with stratify cluster random sampling was conducted. 750 children aged 4 to 6 years from 6 kindergartens of Nanjing city were selected and their parents were asked to complete the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire and the family environment questionnaire. Partial correlation were used to analyze the relationship between DCD in preschool children and their family environment. Results （1）The prevalence of DCD in preschool children was 24.7%：26.5% in boys and 22.9% in girls. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of DCD among children of different gender（χ2 = 0.790，P = 0.423）. The prevalence of children with DCD in different age groups among 4，5，6 were 36.0%，24.2%，16.4%，respectively，and no statistical significance was found among children of different ages（χ2 = 20.584，P = 0.000）. （2）The difference of fineness handwriting and coordination ability among children with DCD was significant in different gender（t = 3.419、2.045，P ＜ 0.05）. There were significant differences between equilibrium control and fineness handwriting in children among DCD of different age group（t = 6.626、8.704，P ＜ 0.01）. （3）There were significant differences upon independence and morality concept between DCD group and normal group（t = 0.888、2.122，P ＜ 0.05）. There were significantly associations between children with DCD and the independence and morality concept of family environment scales. Conclusion The prevalence of DCD is higher in the preschool children population. The nonage diagnosis and nonage intervention of children with DCD is very important，and family environmental factors should be emphasized for children with DCD in nonage intervention. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 54-57 [Abstract] ( 2945 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (702 KB)  ( 2198 ) 58 Construction for the model of combining medicine with education to early detect and intervene special infant ZHOU Nianli This paper discusses the neural plasticity theory of mirror neuron system and Broca in special infants, who are in their sensitive period of brain development of early childhood. The model of early detection and intervention, combining medicine with education for the neural plasticity of the sensitive period of special infants, is hypothesized in this study. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 58-61 [Abstract] ( 2823 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (740 KB)  ( 2499 ) 62 The present situation and countermeasure of bearing and rearing better children in China XU Shanshan;HUANG Hong The family planning policy of our country encouraged bearing and rearing better children；with reduc?蛳tion of birth defect rate and early infant education being key factors. Birth defect rate increased gradually in China in recent years，so it was crucial to carry out effective intervention. 0 to 3 years of age was a critical period of development，and early infant education could promote the comprehensive development of infants and young children. This review mainly discussed about birth，nurture and conservation according to the present situation of birth defects and early education in China. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 62-64 [Abstract] ( 3007 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (555 KB)  ( 2130 ) 65 Diagnosis and treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder in Canada ZHAO Jing This article provides a review of diagnostic progress of autism spectrum disorder（ASD）and treatment programs for children with ASD in British Columbia，Canada in order to give suggestions for China to develop services for children with ASD. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 65-68 [Abstract] ( 3853 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (1004 KB)  ( 3038 ) 69 A comparative study of left-behind children in Mainland China with children of non-resident parent in Hong Kong WONG Muifong;KWAN Tingfai Left-behind（LB）children in Mainland China have both parents working in cities and they are left in the villages，to be brought up by grandparents or other adults. The following characteristics were common among LB children：lack of self-confidence，introvert，poor temperament，distant from parents，rebellious or over-dependent，self- centred，does not trust others，poor academic performance，etc.. Over the past decade，many children were born in Hong Kong whose parents were both non-residents（NRP）of Hong Kong. This poses serious challenges to education and other social services in the territory. The Hong Kong Basic Law gives NRP children the right of abode in Hong Kong and to enjoy the social benefits provided for local citizens. They should never be discriminated against. Under the quality education system，with suitable hardware and software，and careful guidance and nurture of specialists，many NRP children can be brought up as good citizens. They thus deserve to be treated on par with other Hong Kong-born children. If the government wants these children to grow up in a healthy manner in the Hong Kong education system and contribute to the community at large，or help solve the problem of an aging society in the near future，it should carefully examine and upgrade the design of the software and hardware，to nurture，encourage and welcome them to stay and work in Hong Kong. This paper aims at analyzing the consequences of children brought up devoid of the personal care and attention of their parents；nor parental guidance on how to think，as well as value judgment and other associated problems，with a view to suggesting and devising measures to alleviate or to remedy the situation. 2013 Vol. 1 (1): 69-74 [Abstract] ( 3806 ) HTML (0 KB)  PDF (805 KB)  ( 3064 )

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