Analysis of neurodevelopment and influencing factors of high-risk infants within 1 year old
LI Jiamin1,2, JIA Xufeng2, WU Haojuan1,2, LI Hua2, ZHU Hua2, XU Wenming3, XIE Jiang1,2
1. School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 2. Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China；3. West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
Abstract：Objective To study the neurodevelopment of high-risk infants within 1 year old, and analyze the possible influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 92 high-risk infants (at the age or corrected age of 12 months) who had health records in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from June 2017 to January 2019 were collected. And their data of gender, gestational age, birth weight, neonatal diseases, and maternal diseases during pregnancy were recorded. The developmental quotient (DQ) scores of five function areas in Gesell developmental scale at corrected age of 6 months and 12 months were analyzed under different developmental factors. Results The DQ scores of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and individual social behavior in high-risk infants at the age of 12 months were significantly higher than those at the age of 6 months (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in language DQ scores (P>0.05). The DQ scores of high-risk infants significantly reduced as gestational age and birth weight decreased in multiple function areas (P<0.05). With gestational age less than 32 weeks and birth weight less than 1.5 kg, the DQ scores of high-risk infants at 12 months in multiple function areas were still lower than 85. With neonatal pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, the proportion of 12-month-old high-risk infants whose DQ scores were lower than 85 was higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Low gestational age and low birth weight are important factors that lead to the lag of neurodevelopment of high-risk infants within 1 year old. In the first year, the catch-up trend in the language of high-risk infants is weaker than other function areas, and we need to pay attention and strengthen monitoring and intervention. Neonatal pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome are the potential risk factors for neurological abnormality, and the prompt prevention and control of neonatal diseases should be strengthened.
