摘要目的 探讨以护士为主导的出院准备干预对学龄前反复喘息患儿出院后症状控制的影响。方法 以2020年10月—2023年3月收治的99例学龄前反复喘息患儿及其照护者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组接受常规出院护理指导。干预组在按常规出院护理指导基础上，实施以护士为主导的出院准备干预。根据出院准备度 -父母版量表评分、改良中文版儿童呼吸和哮喘控制测试（test for respiratory and asthma control in kids, TRACK）问卷评分以及患儿症状控制指标的变化情况，对 2组的干预效果进行评估和比较。结果 出院准备度总分及其疾病知识、自身状况、出院后应对、可获得的社会支持维度评分，干预组分别为195.28±5.23、74.52±1.72、63.22±1.64、25.18±2.09、32.36±3.71，对照组分别为177.82±7.98、69.84±6.22、57.22±5.33、22.39±2.83、28.37±3.95，干预组各项评分均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。TRACK问卷评分，2组患儿出院日的评分无显著差异；出院后1、3、6 个月随访时，干预组评分分别为80.60±6.52、85.60±5.61、88.10±5.28，对照组评分分别为78.47±6.71、83.47±5.23、83.88±5.52，干预组显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。在症状控制指标的喘息发作和因喘息就诊方面，干预组的表现优于对照组（P<0.001）。结论 实施以护士为主导的出院准备干预，可提高学龄前反复喘息患儿照护者的出院准备度，有利于患儿喘息症状控制。
Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of nurse-led discharge preparation intervention on post-discharge symptom control in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. Methods A total of 99 hospitalized preschool children with repeated wheezing and their caregivers from October 2020 to March 2023 were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group followed the routine discharge nursing guidance, and the intervention group followed the routine discharge nursing guidance with the nurse-led discharge preparation intervention. The intervention effects of the two groups were evaluated and compared based on the scores of discharge preparation scale-parent version, the improvedChinese version of test for respiratory and asthma control in kids（TRACK）questionnaire, and changes in symptom control indicators of the children. Results The total score of discharge preparation and scores for disease knowledge, self condition, coping strategies after discharge, and available social support were 195.28±5.23, 74.52±1.72, 63.22±1.64, 25.18±2.09, and 32.36±3.71 in the intervention group, and 177.82±7.98, 69.84±6.22, 57.22±5.33, 22.39±2.83, and 28.37±3.95 in the control group, respectively. All scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P< 0.01）. The TRACK questionnaire scores showed no significant difference in the discharge date between the two groups. At 1 , 3 , and 6 months of follow-up after discharge, the intervention group had scores of 80.60±6.52, 85.60±5.61, and 88.10±5.28, while the control group had scores of 78.47±6.71, 83.47±5.23, and 83.88± 5.52, respectively. The scores of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group（P<0.05）. In terms of symptom control indicators such as wheezing attacks and seeking medical attention due to wheezing, results in the intervention group was significantly better than those in the control group（P<0.001）. Conclusion The nurse-led discharge preparation intervention can improve the discharge preparation of the caregivers of preschool children with recurrent wheezing, and is beneficial to the control of wheezing symptoms.
马 燕，贾 茹，赵会云，王利维. 以护士为主导的出院准备干预对学龄前反复喘息患儿症状控制的影响[J]. 教育生物学杂志, 2024, 12(5): 370-.
MA Yan, JIA Ru, ZHAO Huiyun, WANG Liwei. Effects of nurse-led discharge preparation intervention on symptom control in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. JOURNAL OF BIO-EDUCATION, 2024, 12(5): 370-.
