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| Advances in immunopathogenesis of tic disorder |
| YOU Haizhen1, SUN Kexing1, ZHOU Yifang2 |
| 1 . Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; 2. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China |
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Abstract Tic disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disease in children and adolescents. The main clinical manifestations are motor tics and/or vocal tics. Some patients have symptoms that persist into adulthood. At present, while the pathogenesis of tic disorder remains largely unknown, growing evidence suggests that genetics, environment, hormone levels, and particularly deregulated immunity are implicated in tic disorders. This review briefly summarizes the latest advances in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of tic disorder, which would help to deeply understand the close relationship between immune disorder and tic disorder pathogenesis, and provide new perspectives and novel strategies for tic disorder treatment.
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