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| Effects of gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy BMI on infant physical growth |
| PAN Meirong, XU Jian |
| MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China |
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Abstract Objective To explore the effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on infant height, weight and BMI before the age of 2 years. Methods A total of 225 pregnant women were recruited at prenatal care clinics in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital from February to October 2010. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and height were self-reported, and a series of questionnaires were completed from the 28th to 36th gestational week. Multiple linear regression was modeled to explore the influencing factors of GWG. According to pre-pregnancy BMI, the women were divided in low weight group (BMI<18.0 kg/m2), normal weight group (18.0-24.9 kg/m2), and overweight group (≥25.0 kg/m2). Infant weight, length and BMI were followed up at birth, 6 , 12, 18, and 24 months old. The relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and the infant standardized weight, length and BMI was analyzed. Mixed model with repeated measures at each followed age was then established to assess infant weight, height and BMI growth trends. Results ① Mother's pre-pregnancy BMI and education level were negatively related with GWG. ② GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI were positively correlated with infant weight, length and BMI at each follow-up stage before the age of 2 years. GWG had a greater impact on the boys' weight and length than on the girls' (P<0.05), whereas pre-pregnancy BMI had greater impacts on the girls' weight and BMI growth than on the boys' (P<0.05). ③ Mixed model of repeated measures indicated that, independent of age, a higher GWG level was associated with a higher infant standardized weight, length and BMI. But there were no significant effects on trends of weight, length and BMI. Conclusion Pre-pregnancy BMI is negatively correlated with GWG. GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI are both positively associated with infant weight, length and BMI growth before the age of 2 years and the association has gender differences.
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