Objective   To explore the relationship between individual attachment level and self-esteem. Methods   A group of college students and technical secondary school students were selected as subjects. The score data of experiences in close relationship scale(ECR)，and two-dimensional self-esteem scale were collected, and the descriptive and related relationships of attachment level and self-esteem level were analyzed. Experiments were designed using the Ravens intelligence test, the state self-esteem scale, and the intimate experience relationship scale to analyze the impact of threat situations on the state self-esteem of individuals with different attachment types. Results   ① The attachment anxiety dimension and avoidance dimension were significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem's self-acceptance dimension and self-competence dimension. Stepwise regression analysis found that the predictive effects of attachment anxiety dimension and avoidance dimension were significant. ② Threat situation had a significant effect on the self-esteem of individuals with different attachment types. The self-esteem level of individual's behavioral status under threat situations was significantly lower than that of neutral situations. ③ The social status self-esteem levels of individuals with different attachment types were significantly different. The safety type was significantly higher than the fear type and obsession type, and the indifference type was significantly higher than the fear type and obsession type. Conclusion   Individual attachment levels can have a significant effect on self-esteem, both from a trait and state perspective.