1. Department of Child and Maternal Health,School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China; 2. Department of Child Health Care,Urumqi Children's Hospital,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;3. Urumqi Psychiatric Welfare Institute,Urumqi 830016,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;4. Urumqi No. 60 Middle School,Urumqi 830001,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;5. Affiliated Primary School of Urumqi No. 65 Middle School,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
目的 了解乌鲁木齐市7~12岁孤儿的心理健康状况,为开展针对孤儿的心理辅导提供科学依据。方法 采用自编问卷、小学生心理健康评定量表(mental health rate scale for pupils,MHRSP),按横断面调查方法对7~12岁的孤儿(66例)和年龄匹配的非孤儿(145例)进行问卷调查。结果 孤儿组MHRSP总分的偏离检出率(7.58%)显著高于非孤儿组(0.69%),各维度得分除了学习障碍和不良习惯的偏离检出率在2组间差异无统计学意义外,其余维度偏离检出率在2组间均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孤儿在学习障碍、情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷、不良习惯、行为障碍、特种障碍得分及总分均高于非孤儿组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低年级(1~3年级)孤儿学生在情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷、行为障碍、特种障碍各维度得分及总分显著高于低年级非孤儿学生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);低年级孤儿学生在学习障碍、不良习惯得分与低年级非孤儿学生间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高年级(4~6年级)孤儿学生在学习障碍、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷、行为障碍各维度得分及总分显著高于高年级非孤儿学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在情绪障碍、性格缺陷、不良习惯及特种障碍得分与高年级非孤儿学生间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。孤儿与非孤儿在性格特征、同伴关系上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 乌鲁木齐市7~12岁的孤儿心理健康水平低于非孤儿,心理健康偏离检出率较高,并在不同年级、性格特征和同伴关系上表现出差异。研究提示不同年级的孤儿需要实施分别辅导,对于低年级的孤儿,心理辅导注意要培养良好的心理品质、提高自我认知水平,促进他们勇于面对困难及挑战的心理素质;对于高年级的孤儿,心理辅导应关注其个性差异,构筑平等交流、沟通的平台,提供认识自己、善待自己、超越自我的机会。
Objective To investigate the mental health status of orphans aged 7-12 in Urumqi so as to provide a scientific basis for carrying out psychological counseling in orphans. Methods A cross-sectional survey using self-constructed questionnaire and mental health rate scale for pupils (MHRSP) was performed in orphans aged 7-12 (66 cases) and non-orphans matched by age(145 cases). Results The deviation rate of MHRSP total score in the orphan group (7.58%) was significantly higher than that in the non-orphan group (0.69%). The deviation rates of dimensions except for the learning disability and bad habits were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05). The scores of orphans on learning disabilities,mood disorders,character defects,social adjustment disorders,moral defects,bad habits,behavioral disorders and special disorders were higher than those of non-orphans,so was the MHRSP total score (P<0.05). The scores of orphans in grades 1 to 3 (low grades) on dimensions including mood disorders,character defects,social adjustment disorders,moral defects,behavioral disorders and special disorders as well as MHRSP total score were significantly higher than those of non-orphans in grades 1-3 (P<0.05). However,there was no significant difference in the scores on learning disabilities,and bad habits between low-grade orphans and non-orphans (P>0.05). The scores of orphans in grades 4 to 6 ( senior grades) on learning disability,social adjustment disorders ,moral defects,behavioral disorders as well as MHRSP total score were significantly higher than those of non-orphans in senior grades (P<0.05),while the scores on mood disorders,character defects,bad habits and special disorders were of no difference (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in personality type and peer relationship between orphans and non-orphans (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health level of 7-12 year old orphans in Urumqi is lower than that of non-orphans,with a higher detection rate for mental health deviation. There are differences in personality characteristics and peer relationship between orphans and non-orphans. Psychological differences are seen between low-grade and senior- grade orphans. There is a need to provide orphans with individual psychological counseling. For low-grade orphans,it is important to cultivate orphans' good psychological quality and improve self-awareness. For senior-grade orphans,attention should be paid to their differences in personality,and development of an equal communication platform,which may provide them with opportunities to know themselves,treat themselves well,and surpass themselves.